Zifukwa zomwe slag imapachikidwa pansi pamene mpweya umadula chitsulo cha kaboni

Podula chitsulo cha kaboni ndi mpweya, slag imapachikidwa pansi (m'mphepete mwa pamwamba pa chodulira). Ichi ndi chinthu chofala kwambiri, chomwe chimadziwika kuti "slag hanging" kapena "slag adhesion". Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa slag iyi ndi ma oxides okhala ndi melting-point oxides ndi zinthu zodetsedwa, monga iron oxide ndi silicates, zomwe zimapangidwa panthawi yodulira.Chifukwa chachikulu cha kupangika kwa slag ndichakuti kutentha ndi mpweya zomwe zimatuluka m'mphepete mwa chodulidwacho sizikwanira kuphulitsa ma oxide osungunuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azizire ndikumamatira pansi pa chodulidwacho.

Zifukwa zenizeni zitha kusanthulidwa kuchokera mbali zotsatirazi:

Makonzedwe osayenera a magawo odulira (chifukwa chofala kwambiri)

1. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya wochepa sikoyenera:

• Kupanikizika kosakwanira: Mphamvu yopumira ya mpweya sikokwanira kuchotsa kwathunthu slag yosungunuka pansi pa chodulidwacho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti slag igwedezeke ndikulimba kukhala zolumikizira za slag "zonga nodule".
• Kupanikizika kwambiri: Ngakhale kuti mpweya umayenda kwambiri, ukhoza kupangitsa kuti udule kwambiri komanso mopanda mphamvu. Komanso, kuzizira kwa mpweya kungapangitse kuti gawo la pansi la udulawo lizire msanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti "zitseke" matope osungunuka m'mphepete.

2. Liwiro lodulira silikugwirizana:

• Liwiro lake ndi lachangu kwambiri: mpweya wotuluka ukuchedwa, ndipo chitsulo chapansi sichingathe kusungunuka mokwanira ndikuchotsedwa. Chitsulo chosungunuka ndi oxide zomwe sizinachite bwino zimakokedwa ndikusonkhanitsidwa pansi.
• Liwiro lake ndi lochedwa kwambiri: chodulidwacho chimatenthedwa kwambiri, kutentha kwake kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, slag yambiri imapangidwa, yomwe imaposa mphamvu ya mpweya wotuluka, komanso kuchuluka kwa kusonkhana kwake pansi pa mphamvu yokoka.

3. Kusatenthetsa bwino mphamvu ya lawi:

• Lawi la moto ndi lamphamvu kwambiri (acetylene/gasi ndi wochuluka kwambiri): m'mphepete mwa pamwamba pa chodulidwacho mumasungunuka ndikugwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale slag yambiri, ndipo kutentha kwa m'mphepete mwa pansi kungakhale kokwera kwambiri, kusinthasintha kwa slag kumakhala bwino kwambiri, ndipo sikophweka kuphulika.
• Lawilo ndi lofooka kwambiri: silingapereke kutentha kokwanira kuti lisunge njira yodulira yomwe ikupita ku mbale yokhuthala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsulo chapansi chisawonongeke mokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsulocho chikhale chokhuthala chomwe chimakhala chovuta kuchichotsa.

mavuto odulira zida ndi gasi

1. Vuto la kudula pakamwa:

• Chitsanzocho sichikugwirizana: nambala ya nozzle yodulira ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, ndipo mpweya wotuluka sukwanira; nambala ya nozzle yodulira ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo mpweya wotuluka ndi wosakhazikika.
• Yotsekeka kapena yowonongeka: njira yamkati ya nozzle yodulira (makamaka dzenje la okosijeni) imasweka, yawonongeka kapena yatsekedwa pang'ono ndi ma splashes, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wozungulira (osati wozungulira), kugawanika kwa ma furcation, komanso kufooka kwa mphamvu yopumira ya slag.
• Kutalika kosayenera kuchokera pa workpiece: kokwera kwambiri, mphamvu yotenthetsera imayamba kuchepa, ndipo mpweya umatuluka; kotsika kwambiri, n'kosavuta kutseka nozzle yodulira ndikupangitsa kutentha.

2. Kuyera kwa mpweya ndi kupanikizika:

• Kuyera kochepa kwa mpweya: mpweya wa mafakitale (nthawi zambiri 99.5%) ngati uli ndi nayitrogeni ndi zinthu zina zosafunika, umachepetsa mphamvu ya okosijeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale slag yokhuthala kwambiri.

vuto la kudula zinthu

1. Kapangidwe ka zinthu:pamene carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorous, sulfure ndi zinthu zina zili mu carbon steel zili zambiri:

• Mpweya wambiri wa kaboni: malo oyaka moto akukula, madzi ake ndi ochepa, ndipo slag ndi yokhuthala.
• Kuchuluka kwa silicon ndi manganese: kumapanga ma oxides okhala ndi malo osungunuka ambiri otchedwa silicate ndi manganate, omwe ndi olimba komanso ovuta kuwatulutsa.

2. Mkhalidwe wa pamwamba:Dzimbiri lochuluka, utoto, khungu la okosijeni kapena chinyezi pamwamba pa mbale yachitsulo zidzayamwa kutentha, kusokoneza kutentha koyambirira, ndikuyika zinyalala zambiri mu dziwe losungunuka, zomwe zimawonjezera kuchuluka ndi kukhuthala kwa slag.

3. Kutentha kwa zinthu:Kudula pamalo ozizira, kutentha koyambirira kwa mbale yachitsulo kumakhala kochepa, kutentha kumachepa mwachangu, ndipo gawo la pansi la chodulidwacho n'losavuta kuziziritsa ndi kulimba.

Mavuto aukadaulo ogwira ntchito

1. Ngodya ya nyali:Kulephera kusunga chodulira chodulira molunjika pamwamba pa chogwirira ntchito podula (podula molunjika), kapena kuwongolera molakwika kuchuluka kwa chodulira (podula molunjika) kudzakhudza njira yotulutsira slag.

2. Ntchito yosakhazikika:liwiro losafanana komanso kugwedezeka panthawi yodula yomwe imagwira ndi manja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kudula kukhale kosinthasintha.

Yankho ndi malingaliro

1. Konzani magawo odulira:

• Sankhani nambala yolondola ya nozzle yodulira malinga ndi makulidwe a mbale yachitsulo, ndikuyika kuthamanga kwa okosijeni ndi lawi lotenthetsera malinga ndi tebulo la magawo odulira.
• Sinthani liwiro lodulira: pangani zodulira kuchokera pansi pa choduliracho molunjika pansi (kapena kumbuyo pang'ono), panthawiyi liwiro loyenera kwambiri.

2. Yang'anani ndi kusamalira zida:

• Tsukani kapena sinthani nozzle yodulira kuti muwonetsetse kuti mpweya ukuyenda bwino komanso kuti ukhale wofanana.
• Yang'anani payipi ya gasi ndi valavu yochepetsera kupanikizika kuti muwonetsetse kuti kupanikizika kuli kokhazikika komanso kuti mpweya wabwino ndi wabwino.
• Sungani kutalika koyenera kwa nozzle yodulira (nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 1/10 ya makulidwe a mbale yachitsulo, ndipo onani malangizo a zida).

3. Kukonza zinthu zogwirira ntchito:

• Chotsani dzimbiri, utoto ndi dothi pafupi ndi mzere wodulira momwe mungathere.
• Mu malo ozizira, kutentha kwa chitsulo kungaganizidwe.

4. Kupititsa patsogolo luso logwira ntchito:

• Sungani mayendedwe osalala komanso ofanana odulira.
• Pa mbale zokhuthala kapena zinthu zovuta kudula, kupendekera pang'ono kutsogolo (mutu wa nozzle yodulirayo uli molunjika kumayendedwe) kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandiza kuphulitsa slag, koma ziyenera kudziwika kuti izi zingayambitse kutsetsereka kwina kwa kudulako.

Chidule

Zinyalala zopachikika pansi nthawi zambiri sizimayambitsidwa ndi chifukwa chimodzi chokha. Mutha kuchita zinthu mwadongosolo pothetsa mavuto motsatira dongosolo laMagawo> Zipangizo> Zipangizo> Ntchito. Macheke ofunikira kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa mpweya, liwiro lodula ndi momwe nozzle imadulira.Kudzera mu kusintha pang'ono, n'zotheka kuwongolera slag yopachikika mpaka kufika poti ndi yochepa kwambiri kapena yosavuta kuchotsa. Ngati slag yapangidwa, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito nyundo, chopukusira ngodya ndi zida zina zimatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta.