Iyini imbangela yokunamathela kwe-slag nokuvimba umlomo ngesikhathi sokusika nge-laser?

Kuyinkinga evamile ukuvimba umlomo nge-slag lapho kusikwa nge-laser, okuvame ukubangelwa yinhlanganisela yezici eziningi. Nazi izizathu eziyinhloko kanye nokuhlaziywa okuhlelekile:

Ukuhlaziywa kwesizathu esiyinhloko

1. Inkinga yegesi eyisizayo

• Umfutho womoya onganele: Umfutho wegesi akwanele ukuqeda ngempumelelo i-slag, okwenza i-slag isakazeke phezulu futhi inamathele odongeni lwangaphakathi lwe-nozzle.
• Uhlobo olungcolile/olungalungile lwegesi: Uma usika insimbi engagqwali noma i-aluminium enomoya ocindezelwe oqukethe umswakama noma ukungcola, kulula ukukhiqiza ukusabela kwe-oxidation bese kwakha i-slag enamathelayo. Akukho oxygen esetshenziswayo lapho usika insimbi yekhabhoni (ukusekelwa kokusha), noma i-nitrogen ehlanzekile kakhulu ayisetshenziswa lapho usika insimbi engagqwali/i-aluminium (ukuvikelwa kwe-oxidation).
• Ukugeleza kwegesi akuzinzile: uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwegesi luyavuza, ipayipi lide kakhulu, noma ivalvu yokulawula umfutho wegesi iyahluleka.

2. Amapharamitha ezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nenqubo awafani

Izinkinga zezinto ezibonakalayo:

• Ubuso bumboziwe, bugqwalile noma bunamafutha.
• Ukwakheka kwezinto ezingalingani (isb. okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-silicon kuma-aluminium alloys).
• Ipuleti lijiyile kakhulu futhi lidlula umkhawulo wemishini.

Ukusethwa kwepharamitha okungalungile:

• Amandla aphansi kakhulu/isivinini sihamba kancane kakhulu: ukungena kwamandla okunganele, ukuhwamuka okungaphelele kwezinto, ukwakheka kwe-slag enamathelayo.
• Isikhundla sokugxila siphambene: Ukugxila kuphezulu kakhulu noma kuphansi kakhulu, okuholela ekunganele kwamandla amaningi kanye nokusikwa okwanele.
• Imingcele yokubhoboza engalungile: ukubhoboza kwe-slag okukhulu ngesikhathi sokubhoboza, ukubhoboza okuqhubekayo noma ukuvikelwa kokulibaziseka akusetshenziswa.

3. Imishini kanye nesimo se-nozzle

• Umonakalo noma ukuguguleka kwe-nozzle: imbobo ye-nozzle iba nkulu, igugile noma udonga lwangaphakathi luba lubi, okubangela ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba komoya.
• Ibanga elingafanele phakathi kwe-nozzle nepuleti: ibanga likhulu kakhulu (ukusabalala kwegesi) noma lincane kakhulu (kulula ukungqubuzana bese kuba ne-slag eqhumayo).
• Ukungcoliswa kwesistimu yokubona: ukungcoliswa kwelensi egxile kubangela ukuhlukahluka kwemisebe kanye nokwehla kobuningi bamandla.
• Ukwehluleka kohlelo lokupholisa: Ikhanda le-laser lishisa kakhulu, okuthinta ikhwalithi yokukhanya kanye nokuqina kwegesi.

4. Izici zemvelo kanye nokusebenza

• Uthuli oluzungezile: ikhwalithi yomoya ephansi eshabhu, futhi uthuli lungena embotsheni yomoya ngokuhamba komoya.
• Uchungechunge lokusika olungenangqondo: ukusika okuqhubekayo kwemigodi emincane, amakhona abukhali nezinye izingxenye, ukuqongelela kokushisa.

Uphenyo oluhlelekile kanye nesixazululo

Isinyathelo 1: Hlola uhlelo lwegesi

• Sebenzisa i-pressure gauge ukuhlola ukuthi ingcindezi yomoya endaweni yokukhipha i-nozzle iyahlangabezana yini nezidingo zezinto (isibonelo, kudingeka i-1.2-1.5Bar ukuze kusikwe insimbi yekhabhoni engu-8mm).
• Hlola ubumsulwa bomthombo wegesi: ubumsulwa be-nitrogen kufanele bube≥99.99 (ukusika insimbi engagqwali), kanye nobumsulwa be-oxygen kufanele≥99.95 (ukusika insimbi yekhabhoni).
• Hlola ukuthi ipayipi lomoya ligobile noma liyavuza, nokuthi isihlungi sidinga ukushintshwa.

Isinyathelo 2: Lungiselela amapharamitha enqubo

• Lungisa amandla nesivinini: bheka ithebula lepharamitha yobukhulu bezinto zokwakha ukuze unqume futhi ulinganise. Isibonelo: ukusika insimbi engagqwali engu-2mm, amandla anconywayo angu-1500W, isivinini singama-25 m/min, kanti ingcindezi ye-nitrogen ingu-1.5Bar.
• Ukugxila okulinganisiwe: Sebenzisa isivivinyo sekhuphoni lokugxila ukuthola indawo engcono kakhulu yokugxila (ngokuvamile ubukhulu obuyi-1/3 ngaphansi kobuso bezinto).
• Ukubhoboza okulungiselelwe: ipuleti elijiyile lisebenzisa ukubhoboza okuqhubekayo, bese kubekwa ukushaywa okulibazisa kwemizuzwana engu-0.5-1.

Isinyathelo 3: Ukulungiswa Kwemishini

• Shintsha i-nozzle: hlola ukuthi imbobo ye-nozzle iyindilinga yini, kunconywa ukuthi uyihlanze ngaphambi kokushintsha ngakunye, bese ushintsha i-nozzle ejwayelekile njalo emahoreni angu-40.
• Hlanza uhlelo lokukhanya: Sula amalensi njalo nge-ethanol ephelele (hlola nsuku zonke).
• Linganisa inzwa yokuphakama: qiniseka ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi komlomo wesibuko kanye nepuleti aliguquguquki (ngokuvamile liyi-0.8-1.5mm).

Isinyathelo 4: Ukuphathwa Kwezinto Zokusebenza Nemisebenzi

• Hlanza indawo ephepheni ngaphambi kokusika.
• Engeza ama-lead lapho uhlela ukuze ugweme ukugoba ngqo ngaphakathi kwezinto.
• Sebenzisa izembozo ezingabonisi ukukhanya noma amakhanda okusika akhethekile ezintweni ezibonisa ukukhanya kakhulu (njengethusi ne-aluminium).

Uhlu lwezinyathelo zokuvimbela

1. Isheke lansuku zonke: umfutho wegesi, ukuhlanzeka kwelensi, ukuguguleka kwemilomo.

2. Ukulungiswa kwamasonto onke:Hlanza isihlungi somoya bese ulinganisa ukuphakama kwekhanda lokusika.

3. Ukuphathwa kwepharamitha: sungula isizindalwazi sepharamitha yezinto ezibonakalayo, bese wenza ukuqinisekiswa kokusika kwesilingo ngaphambi kokusika ipuleti elijiyile.

4. Ukulawulwa kwemvelo: Indawo yokusebenzela ifakwe imishini yokususa uthuli ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elizinzile kanye nomswakama (izinga lokushisa 25)±5 ℃, umswakama <60%).

Ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo okusheshayo

Uma kwenzeke i-gag:

• 1. Misa okwesikhashana ukusika bese uhlanza umlomo.
• 2. Hlola ikhwalithi yesikhala: uma ingxenye iqinile futhi kukhona i-slag, lungisa amapharamitha ngaphambi kokuqhubeka.
• 3. Isikhathi esifushane singasetshenziswa ekuhlanzeni inaliti okukhethekile, okungathí sina lapho ufaka i-nozzle esikhundleni bese uhlola ilensi.

Ngophenyo oluhlelekile olungenhla, inkinga engaphezu kuka-90% yokunamathela kwe-slag kanye ne-plug ingaxazululwa. Isihluthulelo ukugcina ukuzinza kwemishini, ubumsulwa begesi kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwamapharamitha. Kunconywa ukusungula irekhodi lokulungisa lokuvimbela ukuze kuncishiswe ukwehluleka okuvela emthonjeni.