Izisombululo zokutsha kunye nokutyheli kwi-Metal Laser Cutting

Imiphetho etshisiweyo kunye nokukhanya okungaqhelekanga (kudla ngokubhekisa kwiintlantsi ezingaqhelekanga okanye ukukhanya kwe-slag phantsi kokusika) ziingxaki eziqhelekileyo ekusikeni kwe-laser yesinyithi. Zihlala zibonisa iinkqubo zokusika ezingazinzanga okanye amandla amaninzi angena, okukhokelela ekutshiseni kakhulu nasekunyibilikeni. Apha ngezantsi kukho isikhokelo esilula, esinyathelo ngenyathelo sokuxilonga nokusombulula ingxaki.
I. Izizathu eziphambili
Imiphetho etshileyo kunye nesiqu esikhanyayo esingaqhelekanga ngenxa yokufakwa kobushushu obugqithisileyo okanye ukuchithwa kobushushu okunganelanga. Izizathu ezithile ziquka:

1. Iingxaki zeGesi (Ezixhaphakileyo)

• Uxinzelelo lwegesi olunganelanga: Iigesi ezincedisayo (O₂, N₂, umoya) azikwazi ukuvuthuza isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ebangela ukwakheka kwenkunkuma kunye nokutsha okuqhubekayo.
• Ubumsulwa obuphantsi begesi: I-N₂ engcolileyo (umz., ene-O₂) yentsimbi engatyiwayo/i-aluminiyam ibangela i-oxidation, ekhokelela kubushushu obungaphezulu kunye nokutsha.
• Uhlobo lwegesi olungalunganga: Sebenzisa i-O₂ kwintsimbi yekhabhoni (inceda ekutshiseni) kunye ne-N₂ ecocekileyo kakhulu kwintsimbi engatyiwayo (ithintela i-oxidation).

2. Iimpazamo zeParamitha yeNkqubo

• Amandla e-laser agqithisileyo: Izinto ezinyibilikisa kakhulu.
• Isantya sokusika esicothayo: Sithatha ixesha elide xa sichatshazelwa yilaser, nto leyo ebangela ukuqokelelana kobushushu.
• Indawo engalunganga yokugxila: Inciphisa uxinano lwamandla, yandisa ukunqunyulwa, kwaye yandisa iindawo ezichaphazeleka bubushushu.
• Iingxaki zempumlo: Ubungakanani bempumlo obungangqinelaniyo, ukuphakama okungafanelekanga, okanye umonakalo kuphazamisa ukuhamba kwegesi.

3. Iingxaki zezixhobo/ezisetyenziswayo

• Iilensi ezingcolisiweyo (iilensi zokukhusela/zokugxila): Zinciphisa amandla e-laser, nto leyo enyanzelisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu (iyenza ibe mandundu into yokutsha).
• Impumlo engalunganga: Ukuhamba kwegesi akulunganga, ayisusi kakuhle inkunkuma.

4. Imiba yezinto eziphathekayo

• Ioyile, umhlwa, okanye iipeyinti ezikwiindawo zokwakha: Tshisa xa usika, nto leyo ebangela ubushushu obongezelelekileyo.
• Ukwakhiwa kwezinto: Iintsimbi ezibonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu/ezisebenzisa ubushushu (Al, Cu) zifuna useto oluthile lweeparameter.

II. Izisombululo zeNyathelo ngeNyathelo
Landela le ndlela ukuze ulungise iingxaki (qala ngezona ngxaki zilula nezixhaphakileyo):

Inyathelo 1:Jonga kwaye Ulungise Useto lweGesi (Eyona nto iphambili)
1. Uxinzelelo lweGesi

• Intsimbi yekhabhoni (O₂): Lungisa ngokweengcebiso zomenzi (uxinzelelo olunganelanga ludla ngokubangela ukutsha).
• Intsimbi engatyiwayo/i-aluminiyamu (N₂/Ar): Yongeza uxinzelelo ukuya kwi-1.0–2.0 MPa (okanye ngaphezulu, ngokusekelwe kubukhulu) – uxinzelelo oluphezulu lubalulekile ekususeni isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo.
• Hlola imigca yegesi: Jonga ukuvuza, ukuvaleka, okanye uxinzelelo oluphantsi lwesilinda.

2. Ucoceko lweGesi kunye nohlobo

• Intsimbi engatyiwayo: Sebenzisa i-N₂ enobunyulu obuyi-≥99.9%.
• Intsimbi yekhabhoni: Sebenzisa i-O₂ yodidi lweshishini.
• I-Aluminiyam: Sebenzisa i-N₂ ecocekileyo kakhulu okanye umoya ocinezelweyo.

3. Ukugcinwa kweNozzle

• Khetha ubungakanani obufanelekileyo: Izinto ezityebileyo zifuna imilomo emikhulu (umz., φ2.0mm/φ3.0mm).
• Tshintsha nge-nozzle entsha, engonakalanga (i-nozzle endala isenokuba inemingxuma egoso).
• Linganisa ubude: Qinisekisa ukuba umgama phakathi kwe-0.5–1.5mm ukusuka kumphezulu wezinto (sebenzisa ukulinganisa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba kukho).

Inyathelo lesi-2:Lungiselela iiParameters zokusika
1. Isantya sokusika:Yandisa isantya (ngaphakathi koluhlu oluqinisekisa ukungena ngokupheleleyo) ukuze unciphise ukungena kobushushu. Kuphephe ukukhawulezisa kakhulu (kubangela ukunqunyulwa okungaphelelanga).
2. Amandla eLaser:Yehlisa amandla kancinci (ibhalansi kunye nohlengahlengiso lwesantya).
3. Indawo yokugxila:

• -Jonga incwadi yemiyalelo yezixhobo ukuze ufumane iindawo ezicetyiswayo (ngokwezinto/ubungqingqwa).
• Vavanya iindawo (-2mm ukuya ku +2mm) ukuze ufumane leyo inomqhekezo ogudileyo nongenazingxobo.

4. Imo yokutyhafa:Kwimiba yeentsimbi ezincinci okanye iingxaki zokushisa kakhulu, tshintsha ukusuka kwi-laser eqhubekayo ukuya kwi-pulse mode (ivumela amaxesha amafutshane okuphola).
Inyathelo lesi-3:Hlola izixhobo

• Iilensi ezicocekileyo: Coca rhoqo iilensi ezikhuselayo/ezigxile kuzo; tshintsha ezo zonakeleyo.
• Jonga Ulungelelwaniso lweMisebe: Cela iingcali ziqinisekise ukuba umqadi welaser uyaphuma na embindini we-nozzle (ulungelelwaniso olungalunganga lufuna ukulinganiswa).

Inyathelo lesi-4:Lungisa izixhobo
Coca ioyile, umhlwa, okanye iipeyinti ezivela kumphezulu wezinto ngaphambi kokuba usike.
Uluhlu lokujonga iingxaki ngokukhawuleza
1. Eyona nto iphambili (iGesi)

• Ingaba uxinzelelo lwegesi lwanele? (Nyusa uxinzelelo lwe-N₂ kwintsimbi engagqwaliyo!)
• Ingaba kusetyenziswa uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwegesi? (O₂ kwintsimbi yekhabhoni, i-N₂ ecocekileyo kakhulu kwintsimbi engagqwaliyo)
• Ingaba umlomo omtsha/awonakele? Ngaba ukuphakama kwawo kulinganisiwe?

2. I-Second Priority (iiParameters)

• Ingaba isantya sokusika sicotha kakhulu? (Zama ukusonyusa)
• Ngaba amandla elaser aphezulu kakhulu? (Zama ukuwehlisa)
• Ingaba indawo yokugxila ichanekile? (Vavanya indawo)
• Ngaba ingasetyenziswa imo ye-pulse?

3. Into Ephambili Yesithathu (Izixhobo/Izixhobo)

• Ngaba iilensi zicocekile?
• -Ingaba umphezulu wezinto ezibonakalayo ucocekile?

Uninzi lweengxaki ezitshileyo zingasonjululwa ngala manyathelo angasentla. Ukuba iingxaki ziyaqhubeka, nxibelelana nomenzi wezixhobo zakho ukuze ufumane inkxaso yezinto/isixhobo esithile.