Ukukhethwa Kokugxila Okuhle/Okungalungile Ngesikhathi Sokusika Nge-Laser

Lapho kusikwa nge-laser, ukukhetha phakathi kwe-defocus enhle (ukugxila okuhle) kanye ne-defocus engemihle (ukugxila okungemihle) kuncike kakhulu ohlotsheni lwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukujiya kwepuleti, kanye nezidingo zenqubo. Ngezansi kunesiqondiso esicacile nesiqondile sokwenza izinqumo.

Izimiso Eziyinhloko

Okugxile kakhulu (ukususa ukugxila ku-zero):Amandla agxile kakhulu, okuholela esikhaleni esincane kakhulu esinqunyiwe. Ifanelekela ukusika amashidi amancane ngokunemba okuphezulu nangesivinini esiphezulu, ibeka phambili "ukulungiswa."

Ukugxila okungekuhle (ukususa ukugxila okungekuhle):Amandla ahlakazeka kakhulu, okuholela ekusikeni okubanzi. Ifanelekela amapuleti aqinile, ithuthukisa ukususwa kwe-slag futhi ivikele ilensi, igxile “emandleni okungena kanye nekhwalithi.”

Kufanele usebenzise nini ukusika okugxile (zero defocus)?

Izimo ezisebenzayo: Ukusika amapuleti amancane (ngokuvamile angaphansi kuka-3 mm), ikakhulukazi ezicelweni ezinezidingo eziphezulu zokunemba kanye nesivinini.

1. Ukusikwa okunembile kwamapuleti amancane:

• Izibonelo zezinto ezibonakalayo: ishidi lensimbi yekhabhoni elincane, ishidi lensimbi engagqwali, ithusi, ishidi le-aluminium, njll.
• Isizathu: Amapuleti amancane akhiqiza i-slag encane encibilikisiwe, ngakho-ke akudingeki i-kerf ebanzi ukuze isuswe. Ukusetshenziswa kokugxila okuhle kungathola indawo encane kakhulu kanye nobuningi bamandla obuphezulu, ukuze kufezwe isivinini esikhulu kakhulu sokusika kanye nesigaba esibushelelezi nesiqondile.

2. Ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nomngxuma omncane:

• Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa: izingxenye ezinembile, izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, ubucwebe, amaphethini angenalutho, njll.
• Isizathu: I-kerf ekhiqizwa ukugxila okuhle iyona encane kakhulu, enokulahlekelwa okuncane kwezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi ingasika ama-contour amancane kakhulu namakhona abukhali ukuze kugwenywe ukuncibilika ngokweqile.

3. Ukuphishekela isivinini sokusika:

• Uma usika amapuleti amancane, ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kwimodi yokugxila okuhle kusho ukuthi isivinini sokudla esisheshayo singasetshenziswa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

Isifinyezo:Uma usika izinto ezincane, futhi umgomo oyinhloko isivinini, ukunemba kanye nomugqa omncane, okubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha ukugxila okuhle.

Kunini lapho kufanele unqume khona ngokugxila okungekuhle (ukungagxili kahle)?

Isimo sokusebenza: ukusika ipuleti eliphakathi nendawo nelijiyile (ngokuvamile ≥ 3mm), ikakhulukazi lapho kudingeka ukukhishwa okuhle kwe-slag kanye nekhwalithi yesigaba.

1. Ukusika ipuleti:

• Izibonelo zezinto zokwakha: insimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi engagqwali, ipuleti le-aluminium, njll. ngaphezu kuka-3mm.
• Isizathu: Amapuleti aqinile akhiqiza inani elikhulu lensimbi encibilikisiwe (i-slag). I-coke engemihle inikeza isikhala esibanzi, okuvumela igesi eyisizayo (njenge-oxygen noma i-nitrogen) ukuthi ishaye i-slag kahle kakhulu isuke phansi, ivimbele i-slag ukulenga nokusika.

2. Udinga isigaba sekhwalithi ephezulu:

• Isizathu: Kumapuleti amakhulu, uma kusetshenziswa ukugxila okuhle, amandla agxila endaweni engaphezulu, okuzokwenza ingxenye engenhla ibe bushelelezi kanti ingxenye engezansi ibe lukhuni. Ukugxila okungekuhle kwenza ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kufane kakhulu ohlangothini lobukhulu bepuleti, ukuze kutholakale indawo yokusika ehambisanayo nebushelelezi kusukela phezulu kuya phansi.

3. Vikela isibuko esigxilile:

• Isizathu: Uma usika amapuleti amakhulu, ikakhulukazi amapuleti ensimbi ane-rust coating noma izinto ezivame ukuchitheka kakhulu, ukubekwa kokugxila okungekuhle kwenza ukugxila kutholakale ngaphakathi kwe-workpiece, okwandisa ibanga ukusuka ebusweni obuphezulu be-workpiece kuya esibukweni esigxilile futhi kunciphisa ukuchitheka kwensimbi. Ingozi yokushaya nokulimaza isibuko esigxilile esibizayo.

4. Inqubo ethile (njengokusika i-nitrogen ye-aluminium alloy):

• Isizathu: I-nitrogen ivame ukusetshenziswa njengegesi elisizayo lapho kusikwa ama-alloy e-aluminium. Ukugeleza komoya okucindezelayo okuphezulu kuyadingeka ukuze kuphephulwe i-aluminium encibilikisiwe. I-kerf ebanzi enikezwa yi-negative coke ibaluleke kakhulu ekugelezeni nasekukhishweni kwe-slag ye-nitrogen enomfutho ophezulu, futhi iyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusika akunama-burrs kanye nomphumela wobuso obukhanyayo.

Isifinyezo:Uma usika izinto ezijiyile futhi umgomo oyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukusika, ukunciphisa i-slag, ukuthola i-cross-section efanayo nokuvikela imishini, i-negative coke iyathandwa.

Ishadi Lokugeleza Kwesinqumo Esisheshayo

Amathiphu asebenzayo

1. Inani elifanele le-defocus liyahlolwa:Imithetho engenhla iyiziqondiso ezijwayelekile. Inani elifanele lokususa ukugxila kwethuluzi elithile lomshini nezinto ezisetshenziswayo kudingeka linqunywe ngokuhlolwa kwenqubo. Umsebenzisi uzokwenza "ukuhlolwa kwe-slit" ukuthola amapharamitha afanele ngokubheka ikhwalithi yesigaba kanye ne-hanging slag.

2. ukubekwa kokugxila okungekuhle:Inani lokugxila okungekuhle ngokuvamile akulona inani elinqunyiwe, kodwa ububanzi obuhlobene nobukhulu bepuleti. Iphuzu elivamile lokuqala lokubhekisela liyi-1/4 kuya ku-1/3 yobukhulu beshidi. Isibonelo, ukusika insimbi yekhabhoni engu-12mm, ukuhlolwa kungaqalwa kusukela ku--2mm kuya ku--3mm.

3. Izinto ezibalulekile:Izinto ezahlukene zinozwela oluhlukile ekugxileni. Isibonelo, insimbi engagqwali ibucayi kakhulu ekugxileni kunensimbi yekhabhoni.