Ukukhethwa kweNgqwalasela elungileyo/engalunganga ngexesha lokuSika ngeLaser

Xa kusikwa nge-laser, ukhetho phakathi kwe-positive defocus (positive focus) kunye ne-negative defocus (negative focus) luxhomekeke kakhulu kuhlobo lwezinto, ubukhulu beplate, kunye neemfuno zenkqubo. Apha ngezantsi kukho isikhokelo esicacileyo nesicacileyo sokwenza izigqibo.

Imigaqo-siseko

I-In-focus (zero defocus):Amandla axineneyo kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-kerf inqunyulwe kakhulu. Ifanelekile ukusika amaphepha amancinci ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu nangesantya esiphezulu, ibeka phambili "ukulungiswa."

Ukugxila okungalunganga (ukungagxili kakuhle kwi-negative):Amandla ayasasazeka ngakumbi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kube nomthungo obanzi osikiweyo. Ifanelekile kwiipleyiti ezityebileyo, iphucula ukususwa kwe-slag kwaye ikhusela ilensi, igxile "kumandla okungena kunye nomgangatho."

Ufanele usebenzise nini ukusika okucwangcisiweyo (zero defocus)?

Iimeko ezisebenzayo: Ukusika iipleyiti ezincinci (ngesiqhelo zingaphantsi kwe-3 mm), ingakumbi kwizicelo ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokuchaneka kunye nesantya.

1. Ukusikwa ngokuchanekileyo kweepleyiti ezibhityileyo:

• Imizekelo yezinto eziphathekayo: ishiti yentsimbi yekhabhoni ebhityileyo, ishiti yentsimbi engatyiwayo, ithusi, ishiti yealuminiyam, njl.
• Isizathu: Iipleyiti ezincinci zivelisa i-slag encinci enyibilikisiweyo, ngoko ke akufuneki i-kerf ebanzi ukuze isuswe. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-positive focus kunokufumana indawo encinci kunye nobuninzi bamandla aphezulu, ukuze kufikelelwe kwisantya esiphezulu sokusika kunye necandelo elithe nkqo eligudileyo.

2. Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nomngxuma omxinwa:

• Imizekelo yesicelo: iindawo ezichanekileyo, izinto ze-elektroniki, ubucwebe, iipateni ezingenanto, njl.
• Isizathu: I-kerf eveliswa yi-positive focus yeyona incinci, ayinalahleko ingako yezinto ezibonakalayo, kwaye inokunqumla imiphetho emincinci kakhulu kunye neekona ezibukhali ukuze kuthintelwe ukunyibilika kakhulu.

3. Ukufuna isantya sokusika:

• Xa kusikwa iipleyiti ezibhityileyo, uxinano olukhulu lwamandla kwimowudi yokugxila elungileyo kuthetha ukuba isantya sokutya esikhawulezayo singasetyenziswa, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

Isishwankathelo:Xa usika izinto ezincinci, kwaye injongo ephambili isantya, ukuchaneka kunye nomgca omxinwa, into ephambili kukukhetha ugxininiso oluhle.

Umele unqumle nini nge-negative focus (negative defocus)?

Imeko yokusetyenziswa: ukusika ipleyiti ephakathi netyebileyo (ngesiqhelo yi-≥ 3mm), ingakumbi xa kufuneka ukukhupha i-slag elungileyo kunye nomgangatho wecandelo.

1. Ukusika iipleyiti:

• Imizekelo yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo: intsimbi yekhabhoni, intsimbi engatyiwayo, ipleyiti yealuminiyam, njl.njl. engaphezulu kwe-3mm.
• Isizathu: Iipleyiti ezingqindilili zivelisa isixa esikhulu sesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo (i-slag). I-coke engalunganga inika umngxuma obanzi, ovumela igesi encedisayo (efana neoksijini okanye i-nitrogen) ukuba ivuthele i-slag kakuhle ukusuka ezantsi, ithintele ukuxhoma nokusika i-slag.

2. Kufuneka icandelo elisemgangathweni ophezulu:

• Isizathu: Kwiipleyiti ezityebileyo, ukuba kusetyenziswa ugxininiso oluhle, amandla agxininiswa kumphezulu ophezulu, nto leyo eya kubangela ukuba inxalenye ephezulu ibe bushelelezi kwaye inxalenye esezantsi ibe rhabaxa. Ugxininiso olubi lwenza ukusasazwa kwamandla kufane ngakumbi kwicala lobukhulu bepleyiti, ukuze kufumaneke umphezulu wokusika ohambelanayo nogudileyo ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi.

3. Khusela isibuko esijolisa amehlo:

• Isizathu: Xa usika iipleyiti ezingqindilili, ingakumbi iipleyiti zentsimbi ezine-rust coating okanye izinto ezinokuthi zitshizwe kakhulu, i-negative focus setting yenza i-focus ibekwe ngaphakathi kwe-workpiece, nto leyo eyandisa umgama ukusuka kumphezulu we-workpiece ukuya kwisibuko esijongisiweyo kwaye inciphise i-metal splash. Umngcipheko wokubetha nokonakalisa isibuko esijongisiweyo esibizayo.

4. Inkqubo ethile (efana nokusika i-aluminium alloy nitrogen):

• Isizathu: I-nitrogen idla ngokusetyenziswa njengegesi encedisayo xa kusikwa ii-alloys ze-aluminium. Ukuhamba komoya oxinzelelo oluphezulu kuyafuneka ukuze kuphuphume i-aluminium enyibilikisiweyo. I-kerf ebanzi enikwa yi-negative coke ibaluleke kakhulu ekuphumeni nasekukhutshweni kwe-slag ye-nitrogen enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye ngundoqo wokuqinisekisa ukuba ukusika akunazo ii-burrs kunye nefuthe lomphezulu okhanyayo.

Isishwankathelo:Xa usika izinto ezityebileyo kwaye injongo ephambili kukuqinisekisa ukuba zinqumla, zinciphisa i-slag, zifumane i-cross-section efanayo kwaye zikhusele izixhobo, i-negative coke iyathandwa.

Itshati yokuhamba kwezigqibo ngokukhawuleza

Iingcebiso ezisebenzayo

1. Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo be-defocus buyavavanywa:Le mithetho ingasentla yimigaqo ngokubanzi. Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bokucinywa kwesixhobo somatshini kunye nezinto ezithile kufuneka bumiselwe ngovavanyo lwenkqubo. Umsebenzisi uza kwenza "uvavanyo oluqhekekileyo" ukuze afumane iiparameter ezifanelekileyo ngokujonga umgangatho wecandelo kunye ne-hanging slag.

2. Ukubeka ingqwalasela engalunganga:Ubungakanani bokugxila okungalunganga abuqhelekanga ukuba bube lixabiso elimiselweyo, kodwa luluhlu oluhambelana nobukhulu bepleyiti. Indawo eqhelekileyo yokuqala yi-1/4 ukuya kwi-1/3 yobukhulu bephepha. Umzekelo, xa usika i-12mm yentsimbi yekhabhoni, uvavanyo lunokuqaliswa ukusuka kwi--2mm ukuya kwi--3mm.

3. Izinto ezibalulekileyo:Izinto ezahlukeneyo zinobuntununtunu obahlukeneyo xa zijoliswa. Umzekelo, intsimbi engatyiwayo ibuthathaka xa ijoliswa kunentsimbi yekhabhoni.