Guhitamo Icyerekezo Cyiza/Kibi Mu Gihe cyo Gukata Laser

Mu gukata hakoreshejwe laser, guhitamo hagati yo gukata neza (focus) no gukata nabi (focus) biterwa ahanini n'ubwoko bw'ibikoresho, ubugari bw'icyuma, n'ibisabwa mu buryo bwo gukora. Hasi hari ubuyobozi busobanutse kandi bworoshye bwo gufata ibyemezo.

Amahame y'ingenzi

In-focus (zero defocus):Ingufu ziba nyinshi cyane, bigatuma igice gito gicibwa. Bikwiriye gukata impapuro ntoya neza kandi ku muvuduko wo hejuru, biha agaciro "gutunganya".

Kwibanda ku bintu bibi (defocus mbi):Ingufu zirakwirakwira cyane, bigatuma habaho umushonge mugari uciwe. Bikwiriye amasahani manini, byongera gukuraho ibishishwa kandi bikingira lens, hibandwa ku "ngufu zo kwinjira n'ubwiza."

Ni ryari wagakwiye gukoresha uburyo bwo gukata in-focus (zero defocus)?

Uburyo bukoreshwa: Gukata amasahani magufi (ubusanzwe ari munsi ya mm 3), cyane cyane mu bikorwa bifite ibisabwa byinshi kugira ngo umuntu akore neza kandi yihute.

1. Gukata neza amasahani magufi:

• Ingero z'ibikoresho: urupapuro rw'icyuma cya karuboni gito, urupapuro rw'icyuma kitagira umugese, umuringa, urupapuro rwa aluminiyumu, n'ibindi.
• Impamvu: Amasahani magufi atanga ubushyuhe buke, bityo ntabwo ari ngombwa gukoresha icyuma kinini kugira ngo gikureho. Gukoresha ubwiza butuma habaho ahantu hato cyane n'ubucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi, bityo bigatuma habaho umuvuduko mwinshi wo gukata no gukata igice gihagaze neza kandi gihagaze neza.

2. Umuhanda muto kandi utoroshye:

• Ingero z'ikoreshwa: ibice by'ubuhanga, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, imitako, imiterere y'ubusa, n'ibindi.
• Impamvu: Agace k'ubutaka gakorwa n'ubwiza bwiza ni ko kagufi cyane, kadafite igihombo kinini, kandi gashobora guca imiterere myiza cyane n'imfuruka zityaye kugira ngo hirindwe gushonga cyane.

3. Guharanira kugabanya umuvuduko:

• Mu gihe cyo gukata amasahani magufi, ingufu nyinshi mu buryo bwo gushyiramo imbaraga zihagije bivuze ko umuvuduko wihuse w’ibiryo ushobora gukoreshwa, bityo bikanoza umusaruro.

Incamake:Mu gihe ukata ibikoresho bito, kandi intego y'ibanze ari umuvuduko, ubushishozi n'umurongo muto, icy'ingenzi ni uguhitamo icyerekezo cyiza.

Ni ryari ugomba guca ukoresheje focus mbi (defocus mbi)?

Uburyo bwo gukoresha: gukata isahani iri hagati n'inini (ubusanzwe ≥ 3mm), cyane cyane iyo hakenewe gusohora ibishishwa byiza n'ubwiza bw'igice.

1. Gukata isahani:

• Ingero z'ibikoresho: icyuma cya karuboni, icyuma kitagira umugese, isahani ya aluminiyumu, n'ibindi biri hejuru ya mm 3.
• Impamvu: Amasahani manini akora icyuma kinini gishongeshejwe (slag). Coke mbi itanga umuyoboro mugari, bigatuma umwuka w’inyongera (nk’umwuka wa ogisijeni cyangwa azote) ubasha gukurura neza slag iva hasi, bikarinda slag kumanika no gukata.

2. Ukeneye igice cy’ubuziranenge:

• Impamvu: Ku masahani manini, iyo hakoreshejwe ubwiyongere bwiza, ingufu ziba zishyizwe hejuru, bigatuma igice cyo hejuru kiba cyoroshye n'igice cyo hasi kiba giteye ubwoba. Ubwiyongere bubi butuma ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu ringana neza mu cyerekezo cy'ubugari bw'isahani, kugira ngo haboneke ubuso buhamye kandi bworoshye bwo gukata kuva hejuru kugeza hasi.

3. Rinda indorerwamo ireba kure:

• Impamvu: Mu gihe ukata amasahani manini, cyane cyane amasahani y'icyuma afite ingese cyangwa ibikoresho bishobora gushonga cyane, imiterere mibi y'aho ibintu bishyirwa ituma aho ibintu bishyirwa haba imbere mu gice cy'imirimo, ibyo byongera intera iri hagati y'igice cyo hejuru cy'igikorwa n'indorerwamo igaragara kandi bikagabanya aho ibintu bihagarara mu cyuma. Ingaruka zo gukubita no kwangiza indorerwamo ihenze.

4. Uburyo bwihariye (nk'uburyo bwo gukata azote ya aluminiyumu):

• Impamvu: Azote ikunze gukoreshwa nk'umwuka w'inyongera mu gukata aloyi za aluminiyumu. Umuvuduko mwinshi w'umwuka utemba urakenewe kugira ngo aluminiyumu ishongeshwe ikureho. Ingufu nini itangwa na coke mbi ni ingenzi cyane ku muvuduko mwinshi wa azote, kandi ni ingenzi mu gutuma igikase kitagira amabara n'ingaruka z'ubuso bw'urumuri.

Incamake:Mu gihe ukata ibikoresho binini kandi intego y'ibanze ikaba ari ukugabanya, kugabanya ubushyuhe, kubona ibice bingana no kurinda ibikoresho, coke mbi ni yo ikwiye.

Imbonerahamwe y'Ingendo z'Ibyemezo byihuse

Inama ziri mu bikorwa

1. Ingano nziza ya defocus irageragezwa:Amategeko yavuzwe haruguru ni amabwiriza rusange. Ingano nziza yo gukuraho igikoresho runaka n'ibikoresho bigomba kugenwa n'igerageza ry'imikorere. Umukoresha azakora "ikizamini cyo gukata" kugira ngo ashake ibipimo byiza yitegereje ubwiza bw'igice n'aho gimanitse.

2. Gushyira imbere ibitekerezo bibi:Ingano y'icyerekezo kibi akenshi si agaciro kadahinduka, ahubwo ni urwego rujyanye n'ubugari bw'icyapa. Aho umuntu ahera ni 1/4 kugeza 1/3 cy'ubugari bw'urupapuro. Urugero, gukata 12mm by'icyuma cya karuboni, ikizamini gishobora gutangizwa kuva kuri -2mm kugeza kuri -3mm.

3. Ibikoresho ni ingenzi:Ibikoresho bitandukanye bifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya ibintu bitandukanye. Urugero, icyuma kitagira umugese kirushaho kumva ibintu neza kurusha icyuma cya karuboni.