Nini ukukhetha ukugxila okungekuhle kokusika nge-laser

"Ukugxila okungekuhle" (okwaziwa nangokuthi "ukugxila okuphansi" noma "ukugxila ngaphakathi kwepuleti") komshini wokusika i-laser kuyinqubo ebalulekile yokulungisa indawo yokugxila kwe-laser. Ngamagama alula, ukugxila okungekuhle kubhekisela ekubekeni ukugxila kwe-laser ngaphansi kobuso bezinto ezizosikwa. Ukusetshenziswa kokugxila okungekuhle kusekelwe kakhulu ezimisweni nasezinhlosweni ezilandelayo: Uma ukugxila kungaphakathi kwezinto, usayizi webala logongolo ebusweni bezinto uzoba mkhulu futhi ubuningi bamandla buzoncishiswa ngokulinganisela. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kunenzuzo ezimweni ezithile ngoba kudala indlela yokukhanya ebanzi enciphile, ewusizo:

1. Ukukhishwa kwe-slag:Ukusikwa okubanzi kuvumela amagesi asekelayo (njenge-oxygen ne-nitrogen) ukuthi aphephule insimbi encibilikisiwe ngempumelelo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulenga kwe-slag.

2. Thola ikhwalithi engcono yesigaba:Uma kunezinto ezijiyile, ingafinyelela isigaba sokusika esiqonde phezulu nesibushelelezi.

3. Vikela ilensi:ukugxila phansi kungavimbela ukuchaphaza okubangelwa ukusika ekubuyeleni emuva ngqo kulensi yokugxila.

Kufanele usebenzise nini ukugxila okungekuhle (isimo sohlelo lokusebenza esiyinhloko)

1. Ukusika izinto zensimbi ezijiyile (ikakhulukazi insimbi yekhabhoni)

• Lesi yisimo esibaluleke kakhulu sokusetshenziswa kokugxila okungekuhle.
• Isizathu: Lapho usika amapuleti amakhulu, kudingeka isikhathi eside sokusebenza ukuze kuncibilikiswe ukujiya konke. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-negative coke (ngokuvamile okungu-1/3 kuya ku-1/2 wobukhulu bepuleti) kungandisa ububanzi bengxenye engenhla yesitho, ukuze i-oxygen (lapho usika insimbi yekhabhoni) ingene kahle phansi kwesitho, igcine ukusabela okwanele kwe-oxidation exothermic, futhi isuse i-slag kalula. Uma usebenzisa i-positive focus noma i-zero focus (gxila ebusweni noma ngaphezulu), ingxenye engenhla yesitho incane kakhulu, okuzoholela kalula ekusikeni okungacacile phansi, ukulenga kwe-slag okukhulu kanye nesigaba esimahhadlahhadla.
• Inkomba yesipiliyoni: Uma usika amapuleti ensimbi yekhabhoni angaphezu kuka-6mm, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuqala ukusebenzisa i-negative coke.
• Njengoba ukujiya kukhuphuka, inani lokugxila okungekuhle (ukujula kokugxila ezintweni) kudingeka lande ngokufanele. Isibonelo, uma usika insimbi yekhabhoni engu-20mm, indawo yokugxila ingase ibekwe ngaphansi kobuso obungu-3-5mm.

2. Ukuphishekela isigaba sokusika esisezingeni eliphezulu

• Uma kunezidingo eziphezulu zokuma, ukushelela kanye nezingxenye zokusika ezingenayo i-slag, ngisho nasezintweni eziwugqinsi oluphakathi, ukugxila okuncane okungekuhle kungasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba komoya kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla.

3. Uma kwenziwa umsebenzi wokubhoboza

• Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuchitheka kwe-slag okushisa okuphezulu okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokubhoboza ukuthi kungalimazi ilensi, ukugxila kuvame ukusethwa kukugxila okungekuhle kokubhoboza (amandla aphansi kanye nesimo esijulile), bese ukugxila kulungiswa endaweni yokusetha edingekayo yokusika ngemva kokuba ukubhoboza sekuqediwe.

Uma kungafanele usebenzise ukugxila okungekuhle

1. Sika ishidi (ngokuvamile <3mm)

• Isizathu: ukusika ipuleti elincane ukuphishekela isivinini nokunemba. Ukusetshenziswa kokugxila okungu-zero noma ukugxila okuhle okuncane kuvumela indawo encane kakhulu kanye namandla agxile kakhulu, okuholela ezinqenqemeni ezincane, isivinini esisheshayo kanye nokusikwa okuncane.

2. Lapho kwenziwa imishini yokunemba okuphezulu

• Isizathu: Ukuze kuqinisekiswe usayizi webala elincane kakhulu kanye nokunemba okuphezulu kakhulu, ukugxila kuvame ukubekwa ebusweni bento (ukugxila okungu-zero).

3. Uma usebenzisa i-nitrogen ukusika insimbi engagqwali ukuze uthole ubuso obukhanyayo

• Isizathu: Insimbi engagqwali yokusika i-nitrogen incike emandleni e-laser ukuze incibilikise izinto, bese isebenzisa i-nitrogen enomfutho ophezulu ukuze isuse ukuncibilika ngaphandle kokusabela komoya-mpilo. Ukuze kutholakale umphumela wokusika "okhanyayo" oqondile, obushelelezi, futhi ongashisi, ukugxila okungenalutho noma ukugxila okuncane okuhle kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuhlushwa kwamandla kanye nezikhala ezincane nezicocekile.

Unganquma kanjani inani elihle kakhulu lokugxila okungekuhle?

Akukho inani eliqinile, futhi indawo engcono kakhulu yokugxila idinga ukunqunywa ngokuhlolwa kwenqubo futhi ithintwa yizici ezilandelayo:

• Uhlobo lwezinto:insimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium zinamasu ahlukene okugxila.
• Ubukhulu bezinto:uma ubukhulu bubukhulu, ngokuvamile kulapho inani lokugxila okungekuhle liba likhulu khona.
• Ukusika igesi:Ukusikwa kwe-oksijini kanye nokusikwa kwe-nitrogen kunezindlela ezahlukene zokugxila.
• Amandla nemodi ye-laser:Amandla ahlukene kanye nekhwalithi ye-beam (njengemodi eyodwa vs imishini eminingi) inezindawo zokugxila ezihlukile ezifanele.

Indlela evamile yokuhlola yile:

1. Ukulinganisa ukugxila:Thola kuqala indawo "engagxilile" ebusweni bezinto ezibonakalayo (ngokuvamile umshini unohlelo lokulinganisa oluzenzakalelayo noma olwenziwa ngesandla).

2. Ukwenza amasampula okuhlola ukugxila:ngaphansi kwamandla afanayo, isivinini kanye nomfutho wegesi, sika uchungechunge lwemigqa eqondile noma amaphethini ezindaweni ezahlukene zokugxila (isibonelo, kusukela ku-3mm kuya ku-3mm, isinyathelo esisodwa ku-0.5mm noma ku-1mm).

3. Umphumela wokuhlola:qaphela ikhwalithi yesigaba, ukuma okuqondile, isimo sokulenga kwe-slag, ububanzi bomqhekezo nokuthi ngabe iphansi lokusika ngakunye lisikiwe yini.

4. Khetha iphuzu elingcono kakhulu:ikhwalithi yokusika ephelele, ukuzinza kanye nokusebenza kahle, khetha indawo engcono kakhulu yokugxila njengemingcele yenqubo ngaphansi kobukhulu bezinto.

Isifinyezo

Isimiso Esiyinhloko: Indawo ethile yokugxila ihlala iwumsebenzi wezinto ezibonakalayo, ukujiya, amandla omshini kanye nekhwalithi edingekayo. Amapharamitha enqubo afanele kumele atholakale ngokuhlolwa kwensimu nokuqinisekiswa.Uma usebenza, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka incwadi yemigomo yenqubo enikezwe umenzi wemishini, bese uyilungisa kahle kanye nomphumela wokusika wangempela.