Ukukhetha nini ukugxila okungalunganga kokusika nge-laser

"Ukugxila okungalunganga" (okwaziwa ngokuba "kukugxila okuphantsi" okanye "ukugxila ngaphakathi kwepleyiti") yomatshini wokusika ilaser yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokulungisa indawo yokugxila kwelaser. Ngamazwi alula, ukugxila okungalunganga kubhekisa ekubekeni ukugxila kwelaser ngaphantsi komphezulu wezinto eziza kunqunyulwa. Ukusetyenziswa kokugxila okungalunganga kusekelwe kakhulu kwimigaqo neenjongo ezilandelayo: Xa ukugxila kungaphakathi kwezinto, ubungakanani bebala lomqadi kumphezulu wezinto buya kuba bukhulu kwaye uxinano lwamandla luya kuncitshiswa. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuluncedo kwiimeko ezithile kuba kudala indlela yokukhanya ebanzi, eluncedo:

1. Ukukhutshwa kwenkunkuma:Ukusika okubanzi kuvumela iigesi ezincedisayo (ezifana neoksijini kunye nenitrogen) ukuba zikhuphe isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ngokufanelekileyo ukuthintela ukuxhonywa kwenkunkuma.

2. Fumana umgangatho ongcono wecandelo:Kwizinto ezityebileyo, ingafikelela kwicandelo lokusika elithe nkqo neligudileyo.

3. Khusela ilensi:ukugxila phantsi kunokuthintela ukutshiza okuveliswa kukunqumla ekubeni kubuyele ngqo kwilensi yokugxila.

Ufanele usebenzise nini ukugxila okungalunganga (imeko ephambili yesicelo)

1. Ukusika izinto zesinyithi ezityebileyo (ingakumbi intsimbi yekhabhoni)

• Le yeyona meko ibalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwesicelo sokugxila okungalunganga.
• Isizathu: Xa usika iipleyiti ezingqindilili, kufuneka ixesha elide lokwenza umsebenzi ukuze kunyibilike lonke ubukhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-negative coke (ngesiqhelo yi-1/3 ukuya kwi-1/2 yobukhulu bepleyiti) kunokwandisa ububanzi benxalenye ephezulu yesithintelo, ukuze ioksijini (xa usika intsimbi yekhabhoni) ingene kakuhle ezantsi kwesithintelo, igcine impendulo eyaneleyo ye-oxidation exothermic, kwaye ikhuphe i-slag ngokulula. Ukuba usebenzisa i-positive focus okanye i-zero focus (gxila kumphezulu okanye ngaphezulu), inxalenye ephezulu yesithintelo incinci kakhulu, nto leyo eya kukhokelela ngokulula ekusikeni okungacacanga ezantsi, ukuxhonywa kwe-slag enzima kunye necandelo elirhabaxa.
• Isalathiso samava: Xa usika iipleyiti zentsimbi yekhabhoni ezingaphezulu kwe-6mm, kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukuqala ukusebenzisa i-negative coke.
• Njengoko ubukhulu busanda, ubungakanani bokugxila okungalunganga (ubunzulu bokugxila kwizinto) kufuneka bunyuke ngokufanelekileyo. Umzekelo, xa usika intsimbi yekhabhoni engama-20mm, indawo yokugxila ingabekwa kwi-3-5mm ngaphantsi komphezulu.

2. Ukufuna icandelo lokusika elisemgangathweni ophezulu

• Xa kukho iimfuneko eziphezulu zokuma nkqo, ukuguda kunye namacandelo okusika angenazingxobo, nokuba zizinto ezinobukhulu obuphakathi, ukugxila okuncinci okungalunganga kunokusetyenziswa ukuphucula ukuhamba komoya kunye nokusasazwa kwamandla.

3. Xa usenza umsebenzi wokugqobhoza

• Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba i-slag splash yobushushu obuphezulu eveliswa ngexesha lokugqobhoza ingonakalisi ilensi, ingqwalasela idla ngokumiselwa kwi-negative focus ukuze kugqobhozeke (amandla aphantsi kunye nendawo enzulu), ize ingqwalasela ilungiswe kwindawo yokuseta efunekayo ukuze kunqunyulwe emva kokuba ukugqobhoza kugqityiwe.

Xa ungafanele usebenzise ukugxila okungalunganga

1. Izinto ezisikiweyo zephepha (ngesiqhelo <3mm)

• Isizathu: ukusika ipleyiti encinci ukuphishekela isantya kunye nokuchaneka. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-zero focus okanye i-slight positive focus kuvumela indawo encinci kunye namandla agxininisiweyo, okubangela ukuba ii-kerfs zibe mxinwa, isantya esikhawulezayo kunye nokusikwa okuncinci.

2. Xa usenza i-machining echanekileyo kakhulu

• Isizathu: Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubungakanani obuncinci bebala kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu, ingqwalasela idla ngokubekwa kumphezulu wezinto (ukugxila ku-zero).

3. Xa usebenzisa i-nitrogen ukusika intsimbi engagqwaliyo ukuze ufumane umphezulu okhanyayo

• Isizathu: Intsimbi engagqwaliyo yokusika i-nitrogen ixhomekeke kumandla e-laser ukunyibilikisa izinto, ize isebenzise i-nitrogen enoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuvuthuza ukunyibilika ngaphandle kwe-oxygen reaction. Ukuze kufunyanwe isiphumo sokusika "somphezulu oqaqambileyo" othe nkqo, ogudileyo, nongangxengwanga, i-zero focus okanye i-slight positive focus idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa uxinano lwamandla kunye ne-slits ezimxinwa nezicocekileyo.

Ungayichonga njani eyona nto ilungileyo yokugxila okungalunganga?

Akukho xabiso lizinzileyo, kwaye indawo engcono yokugxila kufuneka imiselwe ngovavanyo lwenkqubo kwaye ichatshazelwa zezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Uhlobo lwezinto:intsimbi yekhabhoni, intsimbi engatyiwayo, i-aluminium zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugxila.
• Ubukhulu bezinto:Okukhona ubukhulu buphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kokukhona ubungakanani bokugxila okungalunganga bukhulu.
• Ukusika igesi:Ukusikwa kweoksijini kunye nokusikwa kwe-nitrogen kuneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugxila.
• Amandla kunye nemo ye-laser:Umgangatho owahlukileyo wamandla kunye nowemitha (njengomatshini we-single mode vs multi-mode) uneendawo ezahlukeneyo zokugxila ezifanelekileyo.

Indlela eqhelekileyo yovavanyo yile:

1. Ukulinganisa ukugxila:qala ufumane indawo "engajoliswanga" kumphezulu wezinto ezibonakalayo (ngesiqhelo umatshini unenkqubo yokulinganisa ezenzekelayo okanye ngesandla).

2. Ukwenza iisampulu zovavanyo lokugxila:phantsi kwamandla afanayo, isantya kunye noxinzelelo lwegesi, sika uthotho lwemigca ethe tye okanye iipateni kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokugxila (umzekelo, ukusuka kwi-3mm ukuya kwi-3mm, inyathelo elinye kwi-0.5mm okanye kwi-1mm nganye).

3. Isiphumo sovavanyo:jonga umgangatho wecandelo, ukuma nkqo, imeko yokuxhoma i-slag, ububanzi bomngxuma kunye nokuba umzantsi wesiqwenga ngasinye usikiwe na.

4. Khetha eyona ngongoma ilungileyo:umgangatho opheleleyo wokusika, uzinzo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, khetha indawo efanelekileyo yokugxila njengeeparamitha zenkqubo phantsi kobukhulu bezinto.

Isishwankathelo

Umgaqo oyintloko: Indawo ethile yokugxila isoloko ixhomekeke kwizinto eziphathekayo, ubukhulu, amandla oomatshini kunye nomgangatho ofunekayo. Iiparameter zenkqubo ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zifunyanwe ngovavanyo lwentsimi kunye nokuqinisekiswa.Xa usebenza, qiniseka ukuba ubhekisa kwincwadi yemiyalelo yepharamitha yenkqubo ebonelelwe ngumenzi wezixhobo, kwaye uyilungise kunye nesiphumo sokusika sokwenyani.