Ukulahleka kwempumlo yomatshini wokusika nge-laser kwiimeko ezininzi eziqhelekileyo

Kwi-fiber laser cutting, i-nozzle ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye isengozini yokusebenzisa. Ukulahleka kwayo kuchaphazela ngqo umgangatho wokusika, ukusetyenziswa kwegesi kunye neendleko zemveliso. Ukulahleka kwe-nozzle eqhelekileyo ikakhulu kuneemeko ezilandelayo:

Impembelelo yomzimba kunye nokuguguleka (Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo neyibangela ngqo yokuguguleka.)

1. Ukungqubana nepleyiti:kwinkqubo yokondla nokugquma, ukugqobhoza (ingakumbi ukutshiza i-slag ngexesha lokuqhumisa nokugqobhoza ipleyiti etyebileyo), okanye ukubekwa/ukufunyanwa komphetho wesixhobo somatshini, ubuso bombhobho buchaphazela ngqo ipleyiti, nto leyo ebangela ukuguquguquka, ukukrweleka okanye ukukrazula.

2. Ukungqubana nesixhobo:Ngexesha lokuhamba kwentloko yokusika, ngenxa yendlela engalunganga yokucwangcisa okanye ukushukuma kwesixhobo somatshini, umlomo ungangena kwisixhobo.

3. Ukunxiba ixesha elide:Nokuba akukho kungqubana okunamandla, kwinkqubo yokusika ngesantya esiphezulu yexesha elide, ukuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu kwegesi yokusika (ingakumbi ngamasuntswana amancinci esinyithi) kuya kuqhubeka nokujikeleza udonga lwangaphakathi lomlomo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwandeni kancinci komngxuma, uphume ujikeleze, nto leyo echaphazela intsimi yokuhamba kwegesi.

Iziphumo:Indawo yokuhamba kwegesi yokusika ayilungelelananga, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umphezulu wokusika ube rhabaxa, kubekho inkunkuma ejingayo, kubekho amaqhuma amaninzi ezantsi, kwaye angakwazi nokunqumla.

Ukutshiza inkunkuma kunye nokuvaleka kwayo

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika, i-spritter yesinyithi enyibilikisiweyo inamathela eludongeni olungaphakathi okanye ekupheleni komlomo.

1. Ukunamathela eludongeni lwangaphakathi:Xa usika ishiti ye-galvanized, intsimbi engatyiwayo okanye ishiti egqunyiweyo, i-slag ekrakra eveliswayo kulula ukuyitshiza kwaye inamathele eludongeni olungaphakathi lomngxuma we-nozzle, iqokelelana kancinci kancinci ukuze kuncitshiswe i-aperture kunye nokuhamba komoya okungalinganiyo.

2. Ukunamathela kobuso ekupheleni:I-slag iqokelelana kwicala elisezantsi le-nozzle, nto leyo etshintsha umgama ukusuka kwi-nozzle ukuya kwipleyiti (ubude be-nozzle) kwaye ichaphazela impembelelo ye-gas dynamics.

3. Ukuvaleka ngokupheleleyo:Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-slag inokuyivala ngokupheleleyo i-nozzle, kwaye ukuhamba komoya kuphazamiseke, nto leyo ebangela ukusilela kokusika ngoko nangoko kwaye inokutshisa i-nozzle.

Iziphumo:ukusika okungazinzanga, umgangatho ophantsi wecandelo, ukumiswa rhoqo kokucoca, kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

Umonakalo obushushu kunye nokutsalwa kwe-Ablation

1. Ukususwa kobushushu obuphezulu:

• Ukugqobhoza: Xa kungena iipleyiti ezingqindilili, i-laser enamandla aphezulu isebenza kwindawo ethile ixesha elide, ivelisa ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu kwaye ibuyisele isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, esiza kususa ngokuthe ngqo umphezulu ongezantsi wombhobho kunye nomphetho womngxuma ongaphakathi.
• Ukususwa kwePlasma: Xa iiparameter zokusika (ezifana noxinzelelo lomoya, amandla, isantya) zingahambelani, ilifu leplasma yomphunga wesinyithi elinobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinano oluphezulu lunokwenziwa ngaphezulu kwe-incision. Ilifu leplasma liya kutsala amandla elaser kwaye lisasazeke phezulu, likhuphe ngokuthe ngqo ngaphakathi kwe-nozzle, kwaye likhethe umonakalo ongenakuphikiswa.

2. Ukuguqulwa kobushushu:Ukusebenza kwindawo enobushushu obuphezulu ixesha elide, izinto zomlomo zinokutshintsha okanye zitshintshe isakhiwo sazo, ingakumbi umlomo onomgangatho ophantsi.

Iziphumo:umngxuma we-nozzle uba mkhulu okanye ungahambelani kakuhle kwimo, amandla okugxila kwigesi ancitshiswa ngokusisigxina, kwaye amandla okusika ancitshiswa kakhulu.

Ukufakelwa nokusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga

1. Ufakelo alukho nkqo/lukhululekile:Impumlo ayiqiniswanga okanye ayixinene nentloko yokusika, nto leyo ebangela ukuvuza kwegesi kunye nommandla ojikelezayo ongaqhelekanga. Ukungakhululeki kancinci kuya kwandisa ukuguguleka ekutshixeni kokusika.

2. Khetha uhlobo okanye ubungakanani bomlomo obungalunganga:

• Ukungafani kwesithuba: Sebenzisa imilomo emikhulu yokuvuleka ukusika iipleyiti ezibhityileyo (uxinzelelo lwegesi olunganelanga, ukusasazeka kwamandla), okanye sebenzisa imilomo emincinci yokuvuleka ukusika iipleyiti ezingqindilili (ukuhamba kwegesi okunganelanga, ukukhutshwa kwenkunkuma okungalunganga).
• Uhlobo olungalunganga: I-nozzle enamaleko amabini isetyenziswa xa kusetyenziswa i-nozzle enamaleko omnye, nto leyo echaphazela ukuzinza kokusika kunye nokukhuselwa kokuchasana nokukhazimla kwezinto ezikhazimlayo kakhulu (ezifana ne-aluminium kunye nobhedu).

3. Impazamo yokuseta iparameter yokusika:

• Uxinzelelo lomoya oluphezulu kakhulu/oluphantsi kakhulu: uxinzelelo lomoya oluphezulu kakhulu lunokubangela ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba komoya, oluphantsi kakhulu alukwazi ukukhupha inkunkuma kunye nokupholisa ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukubekwa okungafanelekanga kokuphakama kwe-nozzle (i-Z axis): kufutshane kakhulu nepleyiti kulula ukungqubana, ukuba kude kakhulu akukhuselekanga kakuhle kwigesi.

ungcoliseko kunye nokugqwala

1. Ungcoliseko lwegesi:Ukusetyenziswa kwegesi yokusika (ioksijini, initrogen, umoya) akucocekanga, kuqulethe ioyile, umswakama okanye amasuntswana aqinileyo, ezi zinto zingcolisayo ziya kuqokelelana kwi-nozzle okanye kwi-nozzle corrosion.

2. Uthuli lokusingqongileyo:Uthuli olungqongileyo olukwindawo yokusebenzela lukhulu, kwaye uthuli lufunxwa entlokweni yokusika luze lunamathele kwi-nozzle kunye nelensi.

Ungayinciphisa njani i-nozzle ukuguga nokwandisa ubomi?

1. Ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo:

• Yenza iinkqubo zokukhangela isandi kunye nokuphakamisa ukuze uqinisekise umgama okhuselekileyo.
• Sebenzisa amandla afanelekileyo kunye nokuphakama kokuqhumisa (ukuba kukho) ngexesha lokugqobhoza.
• Yithathe kancinci, sebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iyaqiniswa kwaye ibekwe phakathi ngexesha lokufakwa.

2. Ukulungiswa kweeparamitha zenkqubo:

• Ngokwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nobukhulu, khetha ngokwesayensi uhlobo lwe-nozzle kunye nombombo (umgaqo jikelele: imingxunya emincinci yeepleyiti ezibhityileyo, imingxunya emikhulu yeepleyiti ezityebileyo; umaleko omnye wokusika ioksijini, umaleko ophindwe kabini wokusika i-nitrogen).
• Lungiselela indibaniselwano yoxinzelelo lomoya, amandla, isantya, ukuphakama kwe-nozzle kunye nezinye iiparameter ukuze kuthintelwe i-slag egqithisileyo kunye ne-plasma.

3. Qinisa ulondolozo:

• Ukuhlolwa rhoqo: jonga ubuso besiphelo se-nozzle kunye nokuvulwa kwayo yonke intshukumo okanye xa utshintsha izinto, kwaye usebenzise intonga ejonge phakathi (isixhobo sokujongeka phakathi) ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-concentricity ilungile.
• Ukucoca rhoqo: sebenzisa izixhobo zokucoca ezizodwa zokubamba umlomo kunye nezinto ezithambileyo (ezifana namazinyo omthi, amalaphu angalukwanga) ukucoca umngxuma ongaphakathi kunye nobuso bokuphela, akuvumelekanga ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa izixhobo zesinyithi ukukrwela ngokuqinileyo.
• Ukutshintshwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo: xa umlomo ufunyenwe unomonakalo obonakalayo (udonga olungaphakathi olune-notch, oval, olurhabaxa), okanye umgangatho wokusika uqhubeka ungazinzile, kufuneka utshintshwe ngoko nangoko.

4.Ukhuseleko lwendawo yokusebenza:

• Sebenzisa igesi yokusika ecocekileyo kakhulu, eyomileyo.
• Gcina indawo yokusikela kunye nephepha licocekile.
• Qinisekisa ukuba ireyile yesikhokelo sesixhobo somatshini iyazinza kwaye unciphise ukungcangcazela kwentloko yokusika.

Isishwankathelo:Ukulahleka kwempumlo kubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo. Ngokusebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo, ukulungiswa kwenkqubo, ukugcinwa kakuhle kunye nokukhetha izinto ezisetyenziswayo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu, ilahleko ezingaqhelekanga zinokuncitshiswa, kwaye iindleko zemveliso zinokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo ngelixa kuqinisekiswa umgangatho wokusika.