Kubura amazi y'imashini ikata laser mu masanduku menshi asanzwe

Mu gukata fibre laser, umunwa ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane kandi gishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bugoye. Igihombo cyawo kigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bwiza bw'umunwa, ikoreshwa rya gaze n'ikiguzi cyo kuwukora. Igihombo gikunze kugaragara ku munwa giterwa ahanini n'ibintu bikurikira:

Ingaruka ku mubiri no kwangirika (Iyi ni yo mpamvu ikunze kugaragara kandi itaziguye itera kwangirika.)

1. Kugongana n'isahani:Mu gihe cyo kugaburira no gusiba, gutobora (cyane cyane gusukamo uduce duto mu gihe cyo guturika no gutobora isahani nini), cyangwa aho igikoresho cy'imashini gishyirwa/gushakisha impande, igice cy'inyuma cy'umunwa w'amazi gikora ku isahani, bigatuma habaho guhindagurika, gushwanyagurika cyangwa gucika.

2. Kugongana n'ibikoresho:Mu gihe umutwe ukata ugenda, bitewe n'inzira itari yo yo gutegura porogaramu cyangwa kutagira aho igikoresho cy'imashini gitembera, umunwa ushobora kugonga icyuma gifata.

3. Kwambara igihe kirekire:Nubwo nta gukubitana gukomeye kwabayeho, mu gihe kirekire cyo gukata cyane, umuvuduko mwinshi w’umwuka uca (cyane cyane ugizwe n’uduce duto tw’icyuma) uzakomeza gukwirakwira mu rukuta rw’imbere rw’umuyoboro, bigatuma umwobo ugenda wiyongera buhoro buhoro, ukava mu ruziga, bigira ingaruka ku muvuduko w’umwuka.

Ingaruka:Umuyoboro w’amazi ucamo umwuka urahindagurika, bigatuma havuka ubuso butoshye, hagasigara ibisigazwa by’amazi binini hasi, ndetse ntibishobore no gukata.

Gusiga ibisigazwa by'amacandwe no kuziba

Mu gihe cyo gukata, icyuma gishongeshejwe gifata ku rukuta rw'imbere cyangwa ku mpera y'umunwa.

1. Gufatana kw'urukuta rw'imbere:Mu gihe ukata urupapuro rwa galvanised, icyuma kitagira umuze cyangwa urupapuro rutwikiriye, urusenda rukozwe mu buryo bworoshye kurusukira no kurufata ku rukuta rw'imbere rw'umwobo w'amazi, rugenda ruterana buhoro buhoro kugira ngo rugabanye umwobo n'umwuka utaringaniye.

2. Gufatana ku buso ku mpera:Ifu irunda ku gice cyo hasi cy'umuyoboro, ibi bihindura intera iri hagati y'umuyoboro n'igice (uburebure bw'umuyoboro) kandi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya gaze.

3. Kuziba burundu:Mu bihe bikomeye, ifu ishobora kuziba burundu umuyoboro w'amazi, kandi umwuka ugahagarara, bigatuma gukata bihagarara ako kanya kandi bigatwika umuyoboro w'amazi.

Ingaruka:Gukata ibintu mu buryo budasobanutse, ubwiza bw'ibice butari bwiza, gusukura bihagarikwa kenshi, bigabanya umusaruro.

Kwangirika kw'ubushyuhe n'igabanuka ry'ingufu

1. Gukuraho ubushyuhe bwinshi:

• Gusohora imyobo: Iyo igeze ku masahani manini, laser ifite imbaraga nyinshi ikora ahantu runaka igihe kirekire, igatanga ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane kandi ikongera ikajugunya icyuma gishongeshejwe, kizakuraho igice cyo hasi cy'umunwa n'inkombe y'umwobo w'imbere.
• Gukuraho plasma: Iyo ibipimo byo gukata (nk'umuvuduko w'umwuka, ingufu, umuvuduko) bidahuye, igicu cya plasma cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubucucike bwinshi gishobora gukorwa hejuru y'aho cyaciwe. Igicu cya plasma kizafata ingufu za laser hanyuma gikwirakwize hejuru, gikuraho imbere mu ruzi, hanyuma kigahitamo ibyangiritse bidasubirwaho.

2. Guhindura ubushyuhe:Iyo ikora igihe kirekire ahantu hari ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibikoresho by'umuyoboro bishobora guhinduka cyangwa guhinduka mu miterere y'utuzu, cyane cyane umuyoboro ufite ubuziranenge bubi.

Ingaruka:Umwobo w'amazi uba munini cyangwa utari mu buryo busanzwe, ubushobozi bwo kwibanda ku gaze buragabanuka burundu, kandi ubushobozi bwo gukata buragabanuka cyane.

Gushyiraho no gukoresha nabi

1. Gushyiramo ntabwo ari uguhagarara cyangwa gufunguka:Umunwa w'amazi ntuba ufunze cyangwa ngo ube ufatanye n'umutwe ukata, bigatuma umwuka usohoka kandi amazi anyura mu buryo budasanzwe. Kuba utoroshye na byo byongera kwangirika mu gukata.

2. Hitamo ubwoko cyangwa ingano y'umuyoboro utari wo:

• Ubudasa bw'ahazaza: Koresha utuzingo tunini tw'ahazaza kugira ngo uce amasahani magufi (umuvuduko wa gaze udahagije, ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu), cyangwa ukoreshe utuzingo tugufi tw'ahazaza kugira ngo uce amasahani manini (umuvuduko udahagije wa gaze, isohoka ry'ibisigazwa rito).
• Ubwoko butari bwo: Umunwa w’ibice bibiri ukoreshwa iyo hakoreshejwe umunwa w’ibice bimwe, ibyo bigira ingaruka ku buryo ibintu bigabanya urumuri bidashobora kugaragara neza (nk'aluminiyumu n'umuringa).

3. Ikosa ryo gushyiraho parametero:

• Umuvuduko w'umwuka uri hejuru cyane/uri hasi cyane: umuvuduko w'umwuka uri hejuru cyane ushobora gutera ikibazo cy'umuvuduko w'umwuka, hasi cyane ntibishobora gusohora neza imyanda n'ubukonje.
• Gushyiraho uburebure bw'umunwa (umurongo wa Z) mu buryo budakwiye: hafi cyane y'ikibaho biroroshye kugongana, kure cyane ni ingaruka mbi zo kurinda gazi.

kwanduza no kwangirika

1. Ihumana ry'imyuka:Gukoresha gaze yo gukata (ogisijeni, azote, umwuka) si byiza, birimo amavuta, ubushuhe cyangwa uduce duto, iyi myanda izajya yirundanya mu muyoboro cyangwa mu muyoboro.

2. Umukungugu w’ibidukikije:Umukungugu ukomoka ku bidukikije uri mu iduka ni munini, kandi umukungugu ushyirwa mu mutwe ukata ugashyirwa ku ruhu n'ikirahuri.

Ni gute wagabanya kwangirika kw'iminwa no kongera igihe cyo kubaho?

1. Imikorere isanzwe:

• Kora uburyo bwo gushakisha impande no kuzamura uburebure kugira ngo urebe neza ko intera iri hagati y’aho unyura itekanye.
• Koresha imbaraga zihagije n'uburebure bwo guturika (niba buhari) mu gihe cyo gutobora.
• Bifate witonze, ukoreshe ibikoresho byihariye kandi urebe neza ko bihambira neza kandi bishyirwa hagati mu gihe cyo gushyiraho.

2. Kunoza ibipimo by'imikorere:

• Dukurikije ibikoresho n'ubugari, hifashishijwe siyansi ubwoko bw'umuyoboro n'umwobo (ihame rusange: utwobo duto two gushyiramo amasahani yoroheje, utwobo tunini two gushyiramo amasahani y'ubunini; urwego rumwe rwo gukata ogisijeni, urwego rubiri rwo gukata azote).
• Ongera uruvange rw'umuvuduko w'umwuka, imbaraga, umuvuduko, uburebure bw'umunwa n'ibindi bipimo kugira ngo wirinde ubushyuhe bwinshi n'amaraso.

3. Kongera imbaraga mu kubungabunga:

• Igenzura rihoraho: genzura impera y'umunwa n'umwobo buri gihe cyangwa igihe uhindura ibikoresho, kandi ukoreshe inkoni yo hagati (igikoresho cyo hagati) kugira ngo urebe neza ko ifatanye.
• Gusukura buri gihe: gukoresha ibikoresho byihariye byo gusukura iminwa n'ibikoresho byoroshye (nk'udupira tw'amenyo tw'ibiti, imyenda idafunze) kugira ngo usukure umwobo w'imbere n'inyuma, birabujijwe cyane gukoresha ibikoresho by'icyuma kugira ngo bikomere.
• Gusimbuza ku gihe: iyo umunwa ugaragaye ko wangiritse ku buryo bugaragara (urukuta rw'imbere, ruto, cyangwa ubwiza bw'urukuta bukomeje kuba budahamye, ugomba guhita usimbuzwa.

4.Umutekano w'ahantu hakorerwa akazi:

• Koresha umwuka usukuye cyane kandi wumye.
• Komeza ahantu hakase n'urupapuro bisukuye neza.
• Menya neza ko icyuma gifata igikoresho cy'imashini gihamye kandi ugabanye gutitira k'umutwe ukata.

Incamake:Gutakaza utuzuru biterwa n'ibintu byinshi bitandukanye. Binyuze mu mikorere isanzwe, kunoza imikorere, kubungabunga neza no guhitamo ibikoresho byiza, igihombo kidasanzwe gishobora kugabanuka, kandi ikiguzi cyo gukora gishobora kugenzurwa neza mu gihe habayeho kugabanya ubuziranenge.