Indlela uxinzelelo lomoya oluchaphazela ngayo icandelo lokusika

Uxinzelelo lomoya yenye yeeparameter eziphambili ezichaphazela umgangatho wokusika (ingakumbi umgangatho wamacandelo okusika). Impembelelo yayo ayisiyo "into ephezulu" okanye "into ephantsi", kodwa "luluhlu olufanelekileyo" olufuna ukudityaniswa ngokuchanekileyo neeparameter ezifana nesantya sokusika, amandla/umbane, njl.njl. "Ngokubanzi,Impembelelo yoxinzelelo lomoya kwicandelo lokusika ibonakala kakhulu kwimeko yokuxhonywa kwe-slag, uburhabaxa becandelo, ububanzi bomngxuma kunye nomphetho ongezantsi.Nazi iimeko ezimbini ezilandelayo ekufuneka zichazwe ngokweenkcukacha:

1. Ukusika nge-laser (umzekelo, isinyithi esisikiweyo esincediswa yioksijini)

Ekusikeni nge-laser, indima ephambili yegesi (efana neoksijini, initrogen) yile:

• Ukutsha okuncedisayo (ioksijini):Impendulo ye-Exothermic kunye nesinyithi, inyusa amandla.
• Ukuvuthulula inkunkuma:Ukuvuthulula izinto ezinyibilikisiweyo kwisithuba ukuze kube nokusika okucocekileyo.
• Khusela ilensi kunye nomzimba wesibhamu:thintela ukutshiza ekonakaliseni izinto ezibonakalayo.

Iziphumo zoxinzelelo lomoya oluphantsi:

• Icandelo elirhabaxa, elixhonywe nge-slag linzulu: le yeyona ndlela isebenzayo ngokuthe ngqo. Uxinzelelo lomoya olunganelanga alunakukwazi ukuvuthulula isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ezantsi kwesithuba. Ezi zinyithi zinyibilikisiweyo ziya kunamathela ezantsi kwepleyiti, zenze i-slag (burr) ekunzima ukuyisusa. Kwangaxeshanye, isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo esingenakuvuthuzwa siya kuqina kwakhona, senze icandelo lokusika libe rhabaxa, lingagudi, kwaye lenze imivimbo.
• Ukwehla kwesantya sokusika: Ukuze kupheliswe i-slag, kungafuneka kuncitshiswe isantya sokusika, kungenjalo akuyi kukwazi ukusika kwaye kuchaphazele ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
• Isenokunganqumli: kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, uxinzelelo lomoya luphantsi kakhulu ukuba lungavuthuza kumaleko onyibilikisiweyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ukusika kuphazamiseke.

Iziphumo zoxinzelelo lomoya oluphezulu:

• I-cross-section ivelisa ukujikajika kunye nokwanda koburhabaxa: uxinzelelo lwegesi oluphezulu kakhulu luya kwenza ukuhamba okuguquguqukayo kwindawo evulekileyo endaweni yokuhamba okuzinzileyo kwe-laminar. Olu xinzelelo luya kuphazamisa ukuhamba okuqhelekileyo kwesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, kunye nokwenziwa kokujikeleza okuqhelekileyo ecaleni kwe-cut, ukuze icandelo libonakale "lityatyamba kakhulu", kodwa linciphise ukuguda.
• I-kerf iyabanzi: Igesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu ilingana "nokuvuthela" i-laser focus, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iindawo eziphezulu nezisezantsi ze-kerf zibe banzi kunesiqhelo, kwaye ukuchaneka kuyancitshiswa.
• Umzantsi wesiqwenga utshiswe kakhulu okanye umile okwesiqwenga: igesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu iya kuzisa ubushushu obuninzi ezantsi kwepleyiti, nto leyo ebangela ukutsha okugqithisileyo kwezinto ezisezantsi, kwenze umphetho omkhulu osezantsi (neekona ezijikelezileyo), kwaye isiqwenga sibonisa imilo efana neyesiqwenga esinomphezulu obanzi kunye nomzantsi omxinwa, endaweni yecandelo elithe nkqo.
• Igesi engcolileyo, yonyusa iindleko: uxinzelelo oluphezulu olungeyomfuneko luya kunyusa ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwegesi.

Uxinzelelo lomoya olungcono:

• Kufuneka ibekwe ngokupheleleyo ngokwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ubukhulu, isantya sokusika kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwepleyiti nge-laser.
• Kwiipleyiti ezityebileyo, kufuneka uxinzelelo lomoya oluphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho amandla aneleyo okuvuthuza inkunkuma esezantsi.
• Xa kusetyenziswa ioksijini, ukubekwa koxinzelelo lomoya kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukuhambelana kwempendulo yokutsha.

2. Ukusika ngeplasma

• Kwi-plasma cutting, igesi (namanzi) yindlela evelisa i-plasma arc, kwaye ikwangamandla avuthuza izinto ezinyibilikisiweyo aze athintele i-arc.

Iziphumo zoxinzelelo lomoya oluphantsi:

• I-arc ayizinzanga kwaye kulula ukuyiqhekeza: uxinzelelo alwanele ukwenza i-arc ye-plasma eqinileyo neqinileyo.
• Amandla okusika ayancipha kwaye ukusika akunakunqunyulwa: amandla kunye nesantya se-plasma arc azanelanga ukunyibilikisa nokuvuthuza izinto, ingakumbi xa kunqunyulwa iipleyiti ezijiyileyo.
• Ukuxhonywa kwe-slag okunzulu: njengokusikwa nge-laser, i-slag ayinakususwa ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukwanda kokuxhonywa kwe-slag ezantsi.
• Ukusika “kugobile”: ukusika kuya kuba yi-V enomqolo obanzi kunye nomzantsi omxinwa, kuba umqolo awunawo amandla aneleyo ezantsi okusika ngokuthe nkqo.

Iziphumo zoxinzelelo lomoya oluphezulu:

• I-arc "iyavuthuzwa" kwaye amandla awaxinaniswanga: uxinzelelo lwegesi oluphezulu kakhulu luya kuvuthuza i-arc yeplasma yahluka kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukwehla koxinano lwamandla. Nangona isantya sokuhamba komoya sikhawuleza kakhulu, amandla okusika anokuncipha, ingakumbi kwiipleyiti ezixineneyo.
• Ukwanda kokuguga kwe-electrode kunye ne-nozzle: Uxinzelelo oluphezulu luthetha amandla aphezulu okusebenza, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yeendawo ezinxitywayo (ii-electrode, ii-nozzle).
• Umphezulu wesiqwenga uyanyibilika, wenze "umlomo wentsimbi": i-arc ehlukeneyo iya kunyibilikisa kakhulu umphezulu wesiqwenga, yenze isiqwenga esijijekileyo esinomfanekiso ongu-V esinomphezulu obanzi kunye nomzantsi omxinwa, olu luphawu oluqhelekileyo lokusikwa kweplasma ngoxinzelelo lomoya olugqithisileyo.
• Icandelo elirhabaxa: i-arc engazinzile iya kukhokelela kwimijelo enzulu kunye ne-corrugations kwicandelo elisikiweyo.

Uxinzelelo lomoya olungcono:

• Iiparameter ezicetyiswe ngumvelisi wombane weplasma kwisixhobo esithile sombane, umngxuma we-nozzle kunye nohlobo lwephepha/ubungqingqwa kufuneka zilandelwe ngokungqongqo. Ukusika iplasma kwiimfuno zokuhambelana noxinzelelo kungqongqo ngakumbi.

Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa yesishwankathelo

Izigqibo kunye neeNgcebiso

1. Akukho xabiso liqhelekileyo:Ixabiso elifanelekileyo loxinzelelo lixhomekeke kwinkqubo ethile yokusika (i-laser/plasma), uhlobo lwezinto, ubukhulu, isantya sokusika kunye nezinye iiparamitha zenkqubo.

2. Qinisekisa ngokusika uvavanyo:Eyona ndlela inokuthenjwa kukuzama ukusika. Phantsi kwamandla amiselweyo kunye nesantya, lungisa uxinzelelo lomoya, jonga utshintsho lwecandelo lokusika, kwaye ufumane ixabiso loxinzelelo lomoya eline-slag encinci exhonyiweyo, icandelo elithambileyo kunye nokuma okuthe tye kokusika.

3. Nika ingqalelo ekufanisweni ngokubanzi:Uxinzelelo lomoya kufuneka luhambelane ngokusondeleyo nesantya sokusika. Ukwandisa isantya kudla ngokufuna ukonyuka okufanayo koxinzelelo lomoya ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-slag iyaphephuka ngexesha.

4. Qinisekisa umgangatho womthombo wegesi:Ukongeza kuxinzelelo, ubunyulu kunye nokoma kwegesi kubaluleke kakhulu, ngakumbi ekusikeni nge-laser kunye nokusika nge-plasma kwezinto ezibonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu.

Ngoko ke, xa umgangatho wecandelo elisikiweyo ufunyaniswa ukuba awukho semgangathweni, uxinzelelo lomoya yenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka zijongwe kwaye zilungiswe kuqala.