Ni gute wagera ku nkombe nziza kandi irabagirana mu gihe ukata ibyuma hakoreshejwe laser?

Kugira ngo hagerwe ku buso butagira ogisijeni kandi bugaragaza cyane (buzwi nka "gukata isura nziza") iyo ukata ibyuma bya laser (ubusanzwe icyuma cya karuboni), ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukurinda burundu ogisijeni mu gihe cyo gukata.no gukoresha ibipimo byo gukata neza bikuraho neza ibikoresho bishongeshejwe. Gukata umwuka bisanzwe bizarema ubuso buteye ubwoba kandi bw'imvi bufite urwego rwa okiside. Kugira ngo ugere ku gukata neza, kurikiza izi ntambwe n'amahame y'ingenzi:

Ihame ry'ingenzi

Ishingiro ry'isesengura ry'ubuso bugaragara ni "gushonga" aho kuba "gushonga."

Gukata ogisijeni (umwuka usanzwe): gukoresha ogisijeni nk'uburyo bw'inyongera bwa gaze, icyuma na ogisijeni cyane (gutwika), bitanga ingano nini ya ogisijeni y'icyuma, gukata ubuso buteye ubwoba, umukara w'imvi.

Gukata ibintu bishongesha (gukata ibintu bishongesha mu ndorerwamo): Bikoresha azote ifite ubuziranenge bwinshi (N2) cyangwa argon (Ar) nk'umwuka ufasha. Imyuka idafite ubuziranenge ivanwa muri ogisijeni, laser ishongesha icyuma gusa, kandi iyo myuka ifite umuvuduko mwinshi iragurura icyuma cyuzuye kugira ngo ibone ubuso bw'ifeza burabagirana nta ogisijeni.

Ibintu by'ingenzi n'intambwe zo kugera ku gukata ubuso neza

1. Imyuka y'inyongera: azote nziza cyane igomba gukoreshwa

• Ibisabwa ku isuku: ≥ 99.99% (ubusanzwe nimero 4 cyangwa zirenga). Ubuziranenge budahagije bushobora gutera ogisijeni y'utudomo, bigira ingaruka ku buso.
• Ibisabwa ku muvuduko: hejuru cyane. Bitewe n'ubunini bw'icyuma gipima, umuvuduko uhoraho wa 15-20bar (hafi 1.5-2.0MPa) cyangwa urenzeho ni wo ukenewe. Gukenera gukoresha ikigega kinini cya azote cyangwa moteri ya azote, compressor isanzwe y'umwuka ntishobora kugerwaho.
• Imikorere: gukurura icyuma gishongeshejwe, gukonjesha umushonge wo gukata, gukuraho ogisijeni.

2. Ingufu za laser n'uburyo: bikeneye imbaraga nyinshi n'umuraba mwiza cyane

• Ibisabwa ku ngufu: Kugira ngo ugere ku gukata ubuso bushyushye bisaba imbaraga nyinshi za laser. Urugero, gukata ubuso bushyushye bwa 6mm karubone hakoreshejwe laser ya 4000W bizoroha kandi bikagira ingaruka nziza kuruta gukata amasahani asanzwe afite ubunini bumwe. Ingufu zidahagije zituma umuvuduko wo gukata ugabanuka cyane kandi ubushyuhe bukiyongera, ibyo bizagira ingaruka ku bwiza.
• Ubwiza bw'umurabyo: laser yo mu buryo bumwe cyangwa laser yo mu buryo bumwe bitewe n'ubucucike bwayo bw'ingufu nyinshi, ahantu hato, mu gukata ubuso burabagirana kurusha laser yo mu buryo bwinshi bifite ibyiza byihariye, bishobora kubona igice cyiza kandi cy'umucyo.

3. Ibipimo byo gukata: igenamiterere ryiza

Ibipimo bikurikira bigomba kunozwa neza hakurikijwe imiterere y'ibikoresho na gazi:

• Umuvuduko wo gukata: Ugereranyije no gukata ogisijeni, umuvuduko uzagabanuka cyane. Iyo umuvuduko wihuta cyane, gushonga ntibizahuhwa neza, kandi inyuma hazamanikwa ibisigazwa; iyo umuvuduko ugabanutse cyane, ubushyuhe bushobora kwiyongera cyane, kandi isahani ishobora gushyuha cyane igahindura ibara.

Guhitamo utuzubu n'uburebure:

• Umurambararo w'umuyoboro: akenshi hitamo umurambararo munini w'umuyoboro (nka φ3mm cyangwa φ4mm) kugira ngo uhuze n'umuvuduko mwinshi n'umuvuduko munini wa azote kugira ngo urebe ko umwuka utembera neza kandi ugatwikira igice cyose.
• Uburebure bw'umunwa: Ugomba kugenzurwa neza, muri rusange ukaba uri hejuru gato ugereranije n'igihe ukata ukoresheje umwuka wa ogisijeni kugira ngo ube uburinzi bwiza bw'umunwa w'umwuka.
• Aho umurongo uherereye: Aho umurongo uherereye akenshi haba hejuru y'isahani cyangwa hepfo gato, kandi aho umurongo mwiza ugomba kugeragezwa kugira ngo haboneke umurongo muto kandi ugaragara cyane.
• Guhindura imbaraga/impinduka: Ku masahani amwe manini, gukoresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gukata umuvuduko bifasha kugenzura uburyo ubushyuhe bwinjiramo kugira ngo haboneke urumuri rwiza ku buso.

4. Ibisabwa n'inama y'ubutegetsi

• Gusukura ubuso: amavuta, ingese n'ibisigazwa ku gice cy'isahani bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo gukata kandi bigomba gusukurwa mbere y'igihe.
• Ibikoresho bingana: Ibikoresho bidahuje bitanga ingaruka zidahuye z'ibirabagirana.

Incamake y'ibikorwa

1. Imyiteguro:Menya neza ko ukoresha azote ifite ubuziranenge bwinshi n'uburyo bwo gutanga umwuka ufite umuvuduko mwinshi. Sukura ubuso bw'urupapuro.

2. Hitamo umunwa w'amazi:shyiraho umunwa munini w'umurambararo ukwiriye gukata umuvuduko mwinshi wa azote (nk'urugero rwa φ3mm).

3. Gushyiraho ibipimo:Hitamo uburyo bwa “Azote cutting” cyangwa “Bright surface cutting” muri porogaramu igenzura gukata. Shyiramo urupapuro rw'ibikoresho (icyuma cya karuboni) n'ubugari bwabyo.

4. Ingingo z'ingenzi zo guhindura icyerekezo:

• Gazi yo gufasha yari ishyizwe kuri N2.
• Umuvuduko wa gaze ugenzurwa n'urwego rw'umuvuduko wo hejuru (urugero, ku byuma bya karuboni bya 6mm, gerageza kuva kuri bar 18 mbere).
• Kugabanya cyane umuvuduko wo gukata (bishobora kuba ugukata umwuka wa ogisijeni hamwe n'umuvuduko wa 1/3 kugeza 1/2).
• Hindura neza aho umurongo uhagarara n'uburebure bw'umunwa.

5. Guca no kunoza igerageza:banza ukoreshe amashusho mato cyangwa impande z'ibice byabugenewe mu gukata igerageza. Igice cyo kwitegereza:

• Iyo igice cyo hejuru kimurika, igice cyo hasi kiba cyuzuye umukara cyangwa icyuma gimanitse: gishobora kuba cyihuta cyane cyangwa umuvuduko w'umwuka udahagije.
• Iyo igice cyose ari umuhondo cyangwa cyarangiritse: ubuziranenge bwa azote ntibuhagije cyangwa igitutu kiri hasi cyane, kandi ogisijeni ivanzemo.
• Iyo gukata bidasobanutse neza cyangwa slag ifashe cyane: imbaraga zidahagije, umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa aho umuntu ahagaze atari ho habereye.

6. Gukata ku mugaragaro:nyuma yo kurangiza gutunganya ibipimo, gukata ku mugaragaro.

Ibigomba kwitabwaho n'imbogamizi

• Ikiguzi kiri hejuru:hakoreshwa azote nyinshi nziza cyane, kandi umuvuduko wo gukata uragabanuka, kandi igiciro cyayo kiri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'icyo gukata ogisijeni.
• Ubunini ntarengwa:Ingaruka z'ubuso burabagirana zirushaho kuba mbi uko ubunini bwiyongera. Akenshi bikora neza ku byuma bito n'ibinini bya karuboni (1-12mm). Iyo ubunini bw'ikibaho burenze ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho, biragoye kubona ubuso bwiza butanga urumuri.
• Ibisabwa ku bikoresho:Ingufu za laser, ubwiza bw'imirasire, ubuziranenge bw'imashini, uburyo bwo gutanga gazi bifite ibisabwa byinshi.
• Porogaramu nyamukuru:ikoreshwa mu gusana, gusudira, gutera imiti ikoreshwa mu gusudira, nk'ibice by'ameza, ibice by'imashini bitanga imiterere myiza, ibice bitanga imiterere myiza, n'ibindi, kugira ngo hirindwe ko ikomeza gusya.

Mu magambo make, kugira ngo uce ubuso burabagirana, ibuka ibintu bitatu: umuvuduko mwinshi na azote nziza cyane, imbaraga nyinshi n'imirasire myiza, ibipimo byo gutunganya neza byihuse.Ni byiza ko ubona imbonerahamwe y'ibipimo by'ibanze ku gishushanyo runaka n'ubugari bw'ibikoresho bivuye ku ruganda rukora ibikoresho, hanyuma ukabikoresha nk'ishingiro ryo kubitunganya neza aho bikorerwa.