Nigute wakosora uduce duto duto mu guca imashini hakoreshejwe laser? Inama zingirakamaro zo gukemura ibibazo byo kugabanya igihombo cy'imyanda n'imashini

Mu ikorwa ry’ibyuma bikata hakoreshejwe laser, uduce dukata dukora nk'ikimenyetso cy’ubuzima bw’imashini zikata fiber laser. Mu gihe gisanzwe cyo gukora, uduce duto tw’umuhondo dutanga umusaruro uhamye wo gukata no guca impande zoroshye zidafite uduce duto. Ariko, ibintu bibiri bisanzwe bidasanzwe by’uduce duto - uduce duto duto n’uduce tw’umweru duto cyane - byangiza cyane ubwiza bw’uduce, bigatera kumanika uduce duto, guhindura imiterere y’amasafuriya no gukata bidahagije, ndetse bikazana n’impinduka mu mashini zihishe zikongera ikiguzi cy’umusaruro.

Abakoresha benshi bakunze guhindura ibipimo mu buryo butari bwo cyangwa bagafunga imashini kugira ngo ikomeze gukoreshwa ako kanya iyo hagaragaye ibisasu bidasanzwe, bigatuma habaho igihe kirekire cyo gukora no kwangirika kw'ibice byayo. Dushingiye ku myaka myinshi y'uburambe mu nganda, dukemura impamvu nyamukuru, intambwe zo kugenzura vuba hamwe n'ibisubizo bifatika ku makosa abiri y'ibisasu, byoroshye ku bakoresha bashya kumenya.

Uduce duto two gukata no gukata duto: Ingufu nke zibangamira imikorere yo gukata

Uduce duto kandi duto dusohora amazi dukunze gutuma umuvuduko wo gukata utinda, amasahani manini adafunguye ndetse n'uburyo bunini bwo gufatana kw'ibisigazwa, ahanini bigaragarira mu byuma bya karuboni n'ibyuma bitarangirika. Intandaro y'ingenzi iterwa n'ingufu zidahagije za laser cyangwa umwuka utemba ufunze, reba ingingo 5 z'ingenzi zikurikira:

1.Ingufu za Laser zidahagije

Ikosa rikunze kugaragara cyane: kugabanya ingufu za laser, gushyiraho ingufu nkeya cyangwa gukora nabi kw'udupfundikizo two guhindura ingufu bizagabanya ingufu zisohoka. Urugero, imashini ya laser ya 6000W ikata icyuma cya karuboni cya 20mm gifite ingufu nyazo zagabanutseho 4000W izakora ibishashi byijimye kandi bigorane no kwinjira mu mapine.

Igisubizo: Subizamo ibipimo by'ingufu bihuye; genzura utubuto two kugenzura amashanyarazi hanyuma ugerageze buri gihe uburyo bwo kugabanya umuvuduko wa laser.

2.Umwanya w'ibanze uteshutse

Gushyira imbaraga muri laser bibuza imbaraga za laser kwibanda neza, bigakwirakwiza uduce duto tw’umuriro. Iri kosa rikunze kubaho nyuma yo gusimbuza utuzu cyangwa guhindura umutwe.

Umuti: Ongera ushyireho umurongo wa laser hamwe n'uburebure bw'umutwe ukata; kuraho kandi ugenzure imizingo, usukure cyangwa usimbuze imizingo yangiritse/yazibye ku gihe.

3.Itangwa rya Gazi Idasanzwe Idasanzwe

Umuvuduko udahagije, umuvuduko w'amazi cyangwa umwuka w'ubufasha udafite isuku nke (ogisijeni/azote) ntibishobora gukurura ibishishwa byashongeshejwe kandi bibangamira uburyo bwo gukorana na laser-metal. Umuvuduko muke wa ogisijeni mu guca icyuma cya karuboni utera ibishishwa bya shish n'ibishashi bidakomeye.

Igisubizo: Reba ibipimo by'umuvuduko n'ibipimo by'umuvuduko (umuvuduko wa ogisijeni wa 0.3–0.5MPa ku byuma bya karuboni); usimbuze gaze yo mu nganda isuku cyane kandi usane imiyoboro y'umwuka ivamo.

4.Umuvuduko ukabije wo gukata

Umuvuduko utari mwiza ugereranije n'imbaraga za laser n'ubugari bwa plate ntibishobora gutanga igihe gihagije cyo gushonga, bigatuma habaho uduce duto cyane no gucika kw'amashanyarazi kutuzuye, akenshi bigaterwa n'abakoresha bakurikirana umusaruro mwinshi mu buryo butari bwo.

Umuti: Gabanya umuvuduko wo gukata neza, huza imbaraga, umuvuduko wa gaze n'umuvuduko ukurikije ibikoresho bya plate n'ubugari; wirinde guhindura parametero imwe.

5.Umwanda ku buso bw'ibikoresho fatizo

Amabara y'amavuta, ingese, irangi cyangwa imiterere y'ibikoresho bitangana bikoresha ingufu za laser mbere yo kugera ku gace ko gukata, cyane cyane ku mpapuro z'icyuma za karuboni zangiritse.

Umuti: Sukura ubuso bw'isahani mbere yo gukata; hitamo impapuro z'icyuma zisanzwe kandi wirinde imyanda yanduye.

Izuba ryinshi ryera cyane: Ingufu nyinshi, ikimenyetso cyo kuburira imashini kare

Uduce tw'umweru twinshi cyane dufite urusaku rwinshi rwo gukata tuzagura igice cyo gukata, gitwike impande kandi gihinduke. Gukoresha iki kibazo igihe kirekire bizangiza imitwe n'imizingo yo gukata, bihagarike gukora ako kanya kugira ngo bigenzurwe iyo bibonetse.

1.Ingufu nyinshi za laser

Ingufu nyinshi zishongesha icyuma cyane, bigatuma habaho uduce tw'umweru twinshi, impande zahiye n'uduce duto. Urugero rusanzwe: laser ya 8000W ikata icyuma cya karuboni cya 10mm ifite imbaraga nyinshi zidasubiwemo.

Igisubizo: Kugabanya imbaraga za laser kugira ngo bihuze n'ibipimo by'ibikoresho; reba sisitemu yo kugenzura niba ingufu zidashobora guhindurwa uko bisanzwe.

2.Intumbero yo hasi cyane

Gushyira imbaraga nke cyane mu gupima ikirere (laser energy) ku buso bwa plate, bigatuma habaho ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gace, ibishashi bikaze n'inkombe zahiye, akenshi bitewe no gupima neza imiterere y'icyerekezo.

Igisubizo: Ongera ushyireho umurongo ukwiye wo gupima no kuzamura uburebure bw'umutwe ukata ku rugero ruciriritse; shyiramo ibice by'umutwe ukata birekuye.

3.Ingufu zifasha zitemba cyane

Imyuka myinshi itemba ituma habaho gusohora kw'ibishashi by'umweru bikabije kandi bigakwirakwiza ingufu za laser, bigatuma igice cyo gukata cyaguka, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku masahani magufi cyane.

Umuti: Genda umuvuduko wa silinda ya ogisijeni kuri 0.8MPa isanzwe (ntarengwa 1.0MPa); genzura uturindantoki dupima kugira ngo umwuka uhore uhagaze neza.

4.Utuzu twazibye cyangwa duto cyane

Imisozi yafunzwe, yashaje cyangwa mito ituma umwuka utembera nabi, bigahungabanya irekurwa ry'ingufu za laser kandi bigatera ubushyuhe bwinshi aho iherereye n'ibishashi by'umweru, bigatuma amazi yangirika vuba.

Umuti: Zimya hanyuma uvanemo utuzu two gusukura cyane; usimbuze utuzu two gukaraba twa 0.8–1.2mm twahuye niba twashaje cyangwa tudahuye.

Urutonde rw'igenzura ry'igenzura rusange n'igenzura rya buri munsi (Amahugurwa yose agomba gusomwa)

Kurikiza uburyo bworoshye bwo kugenzura: banza urebe ibipimo byo gukata, ibikoresho fatizo n'imizingo, hanyuma usuzume ibice by'ingenzi by'urumuri. Gutunganya buri munsi bigabanya cyane kunanirwa gushya kudasanzwe:

1.Reba umuvuduko n'amazi ya gaze mbere yo gutangira gukoresha buri munsi, sukura utuzubu two gukata nomero n'indorerwamo zo gukata umutwe;

2.Ongera urebe neza uburyo laser ikoreshwa n'uburyo bwo gukata uburebure bw'umutwe buri cyumweru, urebe ibice bihindura ingufu;

3.Reba uko ishashi ihagaze mu gihe cyo gukata, hagarika igikorwa cyo gukemura ibibazo igihe habayeho ikibazo;

4.Gutoza abakoresha kumenya amategeko agenga guhuza ibipimo ku bikoresho bitandukanye, kubuza guhindura ibipimo mu buryo butunguranye.

Umwanzuro

Uduce duto duto mu gukata hakoreshejwe laser duturuka ku ngufu zitajyanye n’ibipimo byo gukata cyangwa ibice by’imashini bifite inenge. Uduce duto duto duhura n’ingufu zidahagije n’umwuka utemba, mu gihe uduce tw’umweru dutanga urumuri tugaragaza ingufu nyinshi n’umuvuduko wa gaze uhindagurika.

Menya neza uburyo bwo kugenzura no gukemura ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru kugira ngo uhamye ireme ry'ibicanwa, ugabanye imyanda kandi wongere igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho byo gukata hakoreshejwe laser.

Niba ikibazo cy'umuriro gikomeje nyuma yo gukemurwa burundu, hamagara injeniyeri z'inzobere nyuma yo kugurisha ziturutse ku ruganda rukora ibikoresho kugira ngo zigenzurwe, ntugasenye ibice by'ingenzi by'urumuri byihariye kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika kw'imashini bidasubirwaho.