Izizathu zokufudumeza umlomo wentloko yokusika ngexesha lokusika nge-laser

Umkhuhlane wentloko osikiweyo nge-laser unzima, nokuba ubomvu, ngesiqhelo awungombangela mnye, kodwa ngumphumo wezinto ezahlukeneyo. Oku kulandelayo kuza kuchaza ngokweenkcukacha izizathu eziphambili, izizathu zesibini kunye nezisombululo.

Isizathu esiphambili

Ezi zezona ngxaki zithe ngqo nezixhaphakileyo ezibangela ubushushu obugqithisileyo be-nozzle.

1. Iplasma/ubushushu obubonakalisiweyo

• Indlela yokuvelisa:Xa umqadi welaser ugxile kumphezulu wezinto zesinyithi, uya kunyibilika ngoko nangoko okanye utshise isinyithi. Igesi encedisayo, efana neoksijini okanye initrogen, ivuthelwa kulo mmandla wobushushu obuphezulu. Ukuba uxinano lwamandla luphezulu kakhulu okanye iiparameter zegesi azifanelekanga, isinyithi esitshisiweyo kunye negesi ngokwayo ziya kwenziwa i-ionized ukuze zenze ilifu leplasma lobushushu obuphezulu (iqela legesi elingathathi cala ngombane elinobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu).
• Inkqubo yokudlulisa ubushushu:Le plasma ayizukuthatha kuphela kwaye isasaze amandla e-laser, inciphise ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika, kodwa ibuyele phezulu ngaphakathi kwe-nozzle. Ubushushu obukhulu obuthwalwa yi-plasma buza kudluliselwa ngqo eludongeni lwangaphakathi lobhedu lwe-nozzle, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubushushu bayo bunyuke kakhulu. Nokuba itshiswe ibe bomvu kwaye inyibilike.

2. Ukusilela kwenkqubo yokupholisa

Iintloko zokusika nge-laser zanamhlanje ezisebenza kakhulu ziyilwe ngeetshaneli ezipholiswe ngamanzi ngaphakathi, ezisetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ukususa ubushushu obufunxwa ziimpumlo, izihlalo zesibuko ezikhuselayo kunye nezinye izinto.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho:

• Ukuhamba kwamanzi okupholisa okunganelanga:ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwepompo yamanzi okupholisa, ukugoba kombhobho wamanzi, ukuvaleka kwesihluzi, njl.
• Ubushushu bamanzi okupholisa buphezulu kakhulu:isiphumo sokupholisa se-chiller asilungile okanye ukhetho luncinci kakhulu.
• Ukuvaleka okanye ukuvuza kwesekethe yamanzi okupholisa:isikali sangaphakathi okanye ukungcola kuthintela indlela yokuhamba kwamanzi.
• Inkqubo yokupholisa ayivulwanga:Libala ukuvula i-chiller ngaphambi kokuba uqalise i-laser.

Izizathu zesibini kunye nezinye izizathu

Ezi zizathu, nangona zingangqalanga kangako kunezi zimbini zingasentla, zinokubangela umkhuhlane ube mkhulu okanye zibangele iingxaki ngokwahlukeneyo.

3. Ungcolisekoyonakele okanye yonakeleiinses

• Ukuba isibuko esijolisa okanye isibuko esikhuselayo singcolisiwe (ioyile, uthuli) okanye sonakele, ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kunye nokukwazi kwaso ukugxila kuya kuncipha.
• Inxalenye yamandla elaser ifunxwa yilensi ngokwayo ize iguqulwe ibe bubushushu. Obu bushushu budluliselwa kwisiseko sesibuko, nto leyo efudumeza umoya ojikelezileyo kunye nesiseko se-nozzle.
• Kwiimeko ezinzima, ubushushu obugqithisileyo belensi bunokubangela ukuqhuma.

4. Ukuseta okungafanelekanga kweeparameter zenkqubo

• Uhlobo lwegesi kunye noxinzelelo:
• Xa usebenzisa ioksijini ukusika intsimbi yekhabhoni, yimpendulo exothermic evelisa ubushushu obuninzi. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwegesi alufanelekanga, kulula ukwenza iplasma enamandla.
• Xa usebenzisa i-nitrogen ukusika intsimbi engatyiwayo, ukuba uxinzelelo lomoya luphantsi kakhulu ukuba lungavuthuza ukunyibilika ngexesha, i-slag iya kutshiza phezulu, inamathele eludongeni olungaphakathi lwe-nozzle ize iqhubeke nokuyifudumeza; ukuba uxinzelelo lomoya luphezulu kakhulu, lunokubangela ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba komoya, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-plasma.
• Isantya sokusika:Isantya sicotha kakhulu, i-laser ihlala kwindawo enye ixesha elide kakhulu, kwaye ubushushu buqokelelana kakhulu, nto leyo elula ukuvelisa i-plasma nokutshisa umlomo. Ukuba isantya sikhawuleza kakhulu, sisenokungasiphuli, nto leyo ebangela ukukhanya okukhanyisiweyo.
• Amandla elaser:Xa amandla ephezulu kakhulu kwaye ezinye iiparameter (ezifana nesantya kunye noxinzelelo lomoya) zingahambelani, amandla agqithisile kwaye iplasma iveliswa lula.
• Indawo yokugxila:Indawo engalunganga yokugxila iya kuchaphazela uxinano lwamandla kunye nokuma kokusika, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela ukukhutshwa kokunyibilika kunye nokwakheka kweplasma.

5. Ingxaki yempumlo ngokwayo

• Ukungafani kwemodeli:Umngxuma wombhobho awuhambelani nobukhulu bepleyiti enqunyiweyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegesi. Umzekelo, ukusika okuncinci okunomngxuma omkhulu womngxuma kunokubangela ukuba ukuhamba komoya kwahlukane kwaye isiphumo sokukhusela sibe sibi.
• Umgangatho/umonakalo ophantsi:Umngxuma osembindini we-nozzle awungqukuva, kukho ii-burrs, kwaye udonga lwangaphakathi alugudileyo, nto leyo eya kubangela ukuhamba komoya okungazinzanga kwaye yenze ngokulula imisinga ye-eddy, engayi kunceda ekuchithekeni kobushushu kunye nokuvuthuza kwe-slag. Ukuguquguquka okuncinci kwe-nozzle emva kokungqubana nephepha nako kunokubangela le ngxaki.
• Ufakelo olungafanelekanga:Impumlo ayiqiniswanga, okanye iringi yokutywina yonakele, nto leyo ebangela ukuvuza kwegesi kwaye itshabalalise ukhuseleko lwekhava yegesi oluzinzileyo.

6. Imeko-bume yangaphandle kunye nokungqubana

• Ukukhanya komphezulu wepleyiti kuphezulu kakhulu:xa kusikwa izinto ezikhazimlayo kakhulu ezifana ne-aluminium kunye nobhedu, amandla amaninzi e-laser abuyiselwa ngaphakathi kwentloko yokusika aze afunxwe yi-nozzle kunye nesihlalo sesibuko.
• Ukungqubana:Intloko yokusika ingqubana nepleyiti okanye isixhobo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umlomo ujijeke kwaye iindawo zangaphakathi zitshintshe, nto leyo etshabalalisa i-coaxiality yokuqala kunye nokutywinwa kokukhanya, igesi, kunye nomzila wamanzi.

Uluhlu lokuHlola oluSishwankathelo kunye neSisombululo

Xa kukho ingxaki yokufudumeza umlomo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ujonge ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Yima umatshini ngoko nangoko ukuze uhlolwe:ukuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi kwizixhobo.

2. Jonga inkqubo yokupholisa (eyona nto iphambili):

• Qinisekisa ukuba i-chiller ivuliwe kwaye isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.
• Jonga ukuba ukuhamba kwamanzi okupholisa kunye noxinzelelo ziyahlangabezana na neemfuno zezixhobo.
• Cinezela imibhobho yokungena kunye neyokuphuma uze uve umahluko wobushushu. Ukuba umahluko wobushushu mncinci, oko kuthetha ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kotshintshiselwano lobushushu kuphantsi okanye ukuhamba kwamanzi akwanelanga.
• Jonga umgangatho wamanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kungcola.

3. Jonga kwaye utshintshe izinto ezibonakalayo:

• Susa ilensi yokukhusela uze uyihlole ukuba ayinangcoliseko, itshile, okanye iyaqhekeka. Gcina iilensi zicocekile rhoqo.
• Jonga ukuba isibuko esijolisa amehlo sikwimeko elungileyo na.

4. Jonga kwaye utshintshe umlomo:

• Jonga ukuba i-nozzle aperture esetyenziswayo ngoku ifanelekile na kumsebenzi wokusika oqhubekayo.
• Jonga ukuba umngxuma wangaphakathi we-nozzle ugudile kwaye ungqukuva, kwaye ukuba kukho umonakalo wokunyibilika okanye ukuvaleka. Ithatyathelwe indawo yi-nozzle test entsha, ekumgangatho ophezulu.

5. Ukulungiswa kweenkqubo zokusika:

• Nxibelelana nomthengisi wezixhobo okanye injineli yenkqubo enamava ukuze ulungise amandla elaser, isantya sokusika, uhlobo lwegesi kunye noxinzelelo, indawo yokugxila, njl.njl. ngokohlobo lwezinto kunye nobukhulu. Le yeyona nto iphambili ekusombululeni ingxaki yokugqithisa kakhulu kweplasma.

6. Jonga ukuqina kunye nokufakelwa:

• Sebenzisa isixhobo sokuvavanya ulungelelwaniso ukujonga ukuba i-coaxiality yelaser, i-nozzle kunye negesi ichanekile na.
• Qinisekisa ukuba umlomo ufakwe kakuhle kwaye uqiniswe kakuhle, kwaye iringi yokutywina ayiphazanyiswa.

7. Jonga inkqubo yokusika:

• Phantsi kwesiseko sokhuseleko, jonga iintlantsi ngexesha lokusika. Intlantsi eqhelekileyo kufuneka ibe phantsi nangasemva. Ukuba intlantsi isasazeka phezulu, iyahlukana okanye irhabaxa kakhulu kwaye ikhanya, oku kuthetha ukuba iiparameter azifanelekanga kwaye kuveliswa inani elikhulu leplasma.

Ngophando olucwangcisiweyo, uninzi lweengxaki zokufudumeza ii-nozzle zinokusonjululwa ngempumelelo. Ukuba la manyathelo angasentla awanakusonjululwa, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho ingxaki enkulu yoomatshini okanye ye-optical ngaphakathi kwentloko yokusika, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuqhagamshelana nomenzi wezixhobo ukuze kulungiswe ngobuchule.