Impamvu zituma umutwe w'icyuma gishyuha mu gihe cyo gukata hakoreshejwe laser

Umuriro wo mu mutwe ucibwa hakoreshejwe laser ni mubi cyane, ndetse urimo n'umutuku ushyushye, akenshi si impamvu imwe gusa, ahubwo ni ingaruka z'ibintu bitandukanye. Ibi bikurikira bizasobanura birambuye impamvu nyamukuru, impamvu z'inyongera n'ibisubizo.

Impamvu nyamukuru

Ibi ni ibibazo bitaziguye kandi bikunze kugaragara bitera ubushyuhe bwinshi mu mazuru.

1. Ubushyuhe bwa Plasma/bugaragara

• Uburyo bwo gukora:Iyo umurabyo wa laser wibanze ku buso bw'icyuma, uhita ushonga cyangwa ugahindura icyuma gishyushye. Gazi y'inyongera, nka ogisijeni cyangwa azote, ihuhwa yerekeza muri aka gace k'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Iyo ubucucike bw'ingufu buri hejuru cyane cyangwa ibipimo bya gaze bidakwiye, icyuma gishyushye na gaze ubwayo bizashyirwamo iyoni kugira ngo bikore igicu cya plasma gishyushye cyane (itsinda rya gaze idafite amashanyarazi ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane).
• Uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe:Iyi plasma ntabwo izafata gusa kandi igakwirakwiza ingufu za laser, igagabanya ubushobozi bwo gukata, ahubwo izasubira hejuru imbere mu ruzi. Ubushyuhe bwinshi butwarwa na plasma buzimurwa mu buryo butaziguye ku rukuta rw'imbere rw'uruzi, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwarwo buzamuka cyane. Ndetse n'ubwo yatwitswe itukura igashonga.

2. Kunanirwa kwa sisitemu yo gukonjesha

Imitwe igezweho yo gukata hakoreshejwe laser ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru yakozwe ifite imiyoboro ikonjeshwa n'amazi imbere, ikoreshwa by'umwihariko mu gukuraho ubushyuhe bwinjizwa n'iminwa, intebe z'indorerwamo zirinda ubushyuhe n'ibindi bice.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa:

• Amazi akonjesha adahagije:Ipompe y'amazi ikonjesha yangiritse, umuyoboro w'amazi ugonga, kuziba kw'akayunguruzo, n'ibindi.
• Ubushyuhe bw'amazi akonje buri hejuru cyane:Ingaruka zo gukonjesha kw'icyuma gikonjesha si nziza cyangwa amahitamo ni make cyane.
• Kuziba cyangwa gusohoka k'uruziga rw'amazi akonje:igipimo cy'imbere cyangwa imyanda bizitira inzira y'amazi.
• Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ntabwo ifunguye:ibagirwa gufungura icyuma gikonjesha mbere yo gutangira gukoresha laser.

Impamvu za kabiri n'izindi

Izi mpamvu, nubwo zitagaragara neza nk'izibiri zavuzwe haruguru, zishobora kongera umuriro cyangwa zigatera ibibazo ukwabyo.

3. Kwanduzabyangiritse cyangwa byangiritsenses

• Iyo indorerwamo yibandaho cyangwa indorerwamo irinda ibintu yanduye (amavuta, umukungugu) cyangwa yangiritse, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kohereza urumuri n'ubushobozi bwo kwibandaho buragabanuka.
• Igice kimwe cy'ingufu za laser cyinjizwa n'ikirahuri ubwacyo kigahinduka ubushyuhe. Ubu bushyuhe bwimurirwa mu gice cy'indorerwamo, aho bushyushya umwuka ukikije n'igice cy'inyuma cy'umunwa.
• Mu bihe bikomeye, ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'indorerwamo bushobora gutera guturika.

4. Gushyiraho nabi ibipimo by'imikorere

• Ubwoko bwa gazi n'umuvuduko wayo:
• Iyo ukoresheje ogisijeni mu gukata icyuma cya karuboni, ni ingaruka mbi y’umwuka ubwayo itera ubushyuhe bwinshi. Iyo umuvuduko wa gaze udakwiriye, biroroha gukora plasma ikomeye.
• Iyo ukoresheje azote mu gukata icyuma kidashonga, niba umuvuduko w'umwuka uri hasi cyane ku buryo udashobora gukurura icyo kintu gishongeshejwe mu gihe runaka, icyo gisebe kizazamuka, gifatanye n'urukuta rw'imbere rw'umunwa kandi kigakomeza kuwushyushya; niba umuvuduko w'umwuka uri hejuru cyane, bishobora gutera ikibazo cy'umuvuduko w'umwuka, bigatuma plasma ikora neza.
• Umuvuduko wo kugabanya:Umuvuduko uba ugenda buhoro cyane, laser iguma ahantu hamwe igihe kirekire cyane, kandi ubushyuhe bukiyongera cyane, ibyo bikaba byoroshye gukora plasma no gutwika umunwa. Iyo umuvuduko uri vuba cyane, ushobora kutanyuramo, bigatuma urumuri rugaragara cyane.
• Ingufu za laser:Iyo imbaraga ziri hejuru cyane kandi ibindi bipimo (nk'umuvuduko n'umuvuduko w'umwuka) bitajyanye, ingufu ziba nyinshi cyane kandi plasma ikorwa byoroshye.
• Aho umuntu yibanda:Aho ibintu biherereye hadakwiye kugira ingaruka ku bucucike bw'ingufu n'imiterere y'ibice, bityo bigira ingaruka ku gusohoka kw'ibice bishongeshejwe no kuremwa kwa plasma.

5. Ikibazo cy'umuyoboro ubwawo

• Kutajyanye n'icyitegererezo:Umwobo w'umuyoboro ntuhuye n'ubugari bw'isahani yaciwe n'umuvuduko wa gaze. Urugero, gukata neza hamwe n'umuyoboro munini w'umuyoboro bishobora gutuma umwuka utandukana kandi ingaruka zo kurinda zikaba mbi.
• Ubwiza/ibyangiritse:Umwobo wo hagati w'umuyoboro ntabwo uri uruziga, hari uduce duto, kandi urukuta rw'imbere ntabwo rworoshye, ibyo bigatuma umwuka udahindagurika kandi bigatuma habaho imigezi ihindagurika, ibyo bikaba bidatuma ubushyuhe bushira no guhumeka kw'amacandwe. Guhinduka gato k'umuyoboro nyuma yo kugongana n'urupapuro nabyo bishobora guteza iki kibazo.
• Gushyiraho nabi:Umunwa w'amazi ntuba ufunze neza, cyangwa impeta yo gufunga yangiritse, bigatuma umwuka usohoka kandi bigasenya uburyo bwo kurinda umwuka buhamye.

6. Ibidukikije byo hanze n'igongana

• Ubuso bw'icyuma bugaragara hejuru cyane:Iyo ukata ibikoresho bigarura urumuri cyane nka aluminiyumu n'umuringa, ingufu nyinshi za laser zigaruka imbere mu mutwe ukata hanyuma zigatwarwa n'umunwa n'intebe y'indorerwamo.
• Igongana:Umutwe ukata ugongana n'icyuma cyangwa icyuma gifata, bigatuma umutwe w'amazi uhinduka maze ibice by'imbere bigahinduka, bigasenya uburyo bwo gufunga urumuri, gazi n'amazi byangiritse.

Urutonde rw'incamake n'ibisubizo

Iyo habayeho ikibazo cyo gushyushya amazi mu mazuru, ni byiza kugenzura mu buryo bukurikira:

1. Hagarika ako kanya imashini kugira ngo igenzurwe:kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibikoresho byangirika kurushaho.

2. Reba sisitemu yo gukonjesha (ikintu cy'ingenzi kurusha ibindi):

• Emeza ko icyuma gikonjesha gifunguye kandi gikora neza.
• Genzura niba amazi akonje n'umuvuduko w'amazi bihuye n'ibisabwa n'ibikoresho.
• Kora ku miyoboro y'amazi yinjira n'ayo asohoka maze wumve itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe. Niba itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe ari rito, bivuze ko ubushobozi bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe buri hasi cyangwa amazi adahagije.
• Genzura ubwiza bw'amazi kugira ngo urebe neza ko nta mwanda urimo.

3. Reba kandi usimbuze ibice by'urumuri:

• Kuramo indorerwamo zirinda umuntu hanyuma urebe niba nta byandujwe, ubushye cyangwa imivuniko. Buri gihe komeza indorerwamo zisukuye.
• Reba niba indorerwamo yo kwibandaho imeze neza.

4. Reba hanyuma usimbuze umunwa w'amazi:

• Reba niba akantu ko gukata kari gukoreshwa ubu gakwiriye akazi ko gukata kari gukorwa.
• Reba niba umwobo w'imbere w'umuyoboro umeze neza kandi uzunguruka, kandi niba hari icyangiritse cyangwa icyuho cyashongeshejwe. Wasimbuwe n'ikizamini gishya kandi cy'ubuziranenge.

5. Kunoza ibipimo by'uburyo bwo gukata:

• Ganira n'umucuruzi w'ibikoresho cyangwa injeniyeri w'inararibonye mu gutunganya ibikoresho kugira ngo wongere uhuze imbaraga za laser, umuvuduko wo gukata, ubwoko bwa gazi n'umuvuduko wayo, aho ishyirwa ku murongo, nibindi bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibikoresho n'ubunini bwabyo. Iyi ni yo shingiro ry'ikibazo cyo gushyuha cyane mu maraso.

6. Reba uko coaxiality ihagaze n'uko ishyirwa:

• Koresha icyuma gipima uburyo bwo guhuza kugira ngo urebe niba uburyo bwo guhuza bwa laser, nozzle na gaze ari bwo bwiza.
• Menya neza ko umunwa w'amazi washyizweho neza kandi ufunze neza, kandi impeta yo gufunga imeze neza.

7. Itegereze uko gutema:

• Mu rwego rwo kwirinda impanuka, reba ibishashi mu gihe cyo gukata. Ibishashi bisanzwe bigomba kuba biri hasi no inyuma. Iyo ibishashi bisutse hejuru, bigatandukana cyangwa bikaba bikomeye cyane kandi bishyushye, akenshi bivuze ko ibipimo bidakwiye kandi hakaboneka plasma nyinshi.

Binyuze mu iperereza ryakozwe ku buryo bunonosoye, ibibazo byinshi byo gushyushya imiyoboro y'amazi bishobora gukemurwa neza. Niba intambwe zavuzwe haruguru zidashobora gukemurwa, birashoboka ko hari ikibazo gikomeye cya mekanike cyangwa iy'amaso imbere mu mutwe ukata, bityo bikaba ngombwa kuvugana n'uruganda rukora ibikoresho kugira ngo rubibungabunge by'umwuga.