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Kuphwanya Malamulo: Mitundu Iwiri Yodziwika ya Zinyalala mu Kudula Chitsulo cha Carbon Chopanda Mphamvu ya Air Negative-Focus Laser

Chiyambi
Pakudula chitsulo cha kaboni pogwiritsa ntchito laser ndi mpweya pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyipa, kumamatira kwa slag ndi vuto lofala. Vutoli silimangokhudza kwambiri mtundu wa malo odulira, monga kuyambitsa kusakhazikika ndi kusalingana, komanso limachepetsa magwiridwe antchito opanga pofunikira njira zina zowonjezerera pambuyo pochotsa slag. Muzochitika zopangira mafakitale, makamaka munjira zopangira zomwe zimafuna kudula chitsulo cha kaboni molondola kwambiri komanso moyenera, kupezeka kwa kumamatira kwa slag kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa ndalama komanso kuchepa kwa mpikisano wazinthu. Chifukwa chake, kumvetsetsa ndikuthana ndi vutoli ndikofunikira kwambiri. Nkhaniyi ifufuza mitundu iwiri yodziwika bwino ya kumamatira kwa slag, cholinga chake ndi kupereka chidziwitso chakuya komanso mayankho othandiza kwa opanga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito m'munda.

Mtundu 1: Mababu Opitirira, Odontha (Opanda Thanzi) Pansi

Makhalidwe

Mtundu uwu wa zinyalala umadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake akuluakulu komanso opitilira. Umamatira mwamphamvu m'mphepete mwa gawo lodula, zomwe zimawoneka ngati chingwe cha mikanda yachitsulo yosungunuka. M'mimba mwake wa mikanda iyi imatha kukhala kuyambira mamilimita angapo mpaka kukulirapo, kutengera momwe kudula kumakhalira. Zinyalala zopitilira komanso zotsikazi sizimangokhudza mawonekedwe a m'mphepete mwa zodula komanso zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito yokonza pambuyo pake. Mwachitsanzo, popanga molondola, zinyalala zotere zimatha kusokoneza kusonkhana kwa zigawo, kuchepetsa kulondola kwa chinthucho.

Zimayambitsa

  • Mphamvu zosakwanira: Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu kwambiri. Kudula kolakwika kumatanthauza kuti malo ofunikira ali pansi pa pamwamba pa mbale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti m'mimba mwake muwonjezereke komanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kuchepe. Ngati mphamvuyo sikokwanira kusungunula kapena kusungunula zinthuzo, chitsulo chotsalacho sichingapulumuke kwathunthu ndi mpweya wothandiza, motero chimasungunuka pansi kuti chipange zinyalala. Mwachitsanzo, podula mbale yachitsulo ya kaboni yokhuthala yokhala ndi mphamvu ya laser yosayenera, mphamvu yomwe imafika pansi pa chodulidwacho sikokwanira kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinyalala zipangidwe.
  • Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kosakwanira kapena kosakhazikika: Chokometsera mpweya sichingapereke mphamvu yokwanira, kapena pakhoza kukhala kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya mpweya. Izi zimapangitsa kuti munthu asathe kupanga mphamvu yokwanira yopukutira madzi achitsulo chosungunuka kuchoka pa mng'alu. Popeza mpweya, monga mpweya wothandizira, uli ndi mphamvu yochepa ya kinetic poyerekeza ndi nayitrogeni, uli ndi zofunikira zambiri pa mphamvu ya mpweya. M'mafakitale ena opanga omwe ali ndi makina operekera mpweya okalamba, mphamvu ya mpweya yosakhazikika ingayambitse kudulidwa kosasinthasintha, ndipo zinyalala zimaonekera nthawi zambiri chifukwa chochotsa chitsulo chosungunuka bwino.
  • Liwiro lodulira kwambiri: Pamene mbaleyo ikuyenda mofulumira kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kuwala kwa laser, mphamvu yomwe imayamwa pa unit unit ya chinthucho sikokwanira. Zotsatira zake, chinthucho sichidulidwa kwathunthu, ndipo zinthu zosungunuka sizimakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yoti ziwomberedwe. Poyesa kudula mwachangu popanda kukonza bwino magawo, kuyenda mwachangu kwa workpiece kungapangitse laser kuphonya madera ena, kusiya zinthu zosadulidwa kapena zodulidwa pang'ono zomwe zimauma kukhala zinyalala.
  • Malo osayenera olunjikaNgati kuchuluka kwa negative - focal kwayikidwa kwakukulu kwambiri, mphamvuyo imafalikira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yomwe ili pansi pa chodulidwacho sikokwanira kwenikweni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukonza bwino zinthu zomwe zili pansi, ndipo pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kuti zinyalala zipangike.

Mayankho

  • Konzani mphamvu ya laser:
    • Wonjezerani mphamvu moyenera: Kuonjezera mphamvu ya laser ndiyo njira yolunjika komanso yothandiza kwambiri yowonjezera mphamvu. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mphamvuyo ikugwirizana ndi makulidwe a mbaleyo komanso liwiro lodulira. Pa mbale yachitsulo cha kaboni cha makulidwe a 5 - mm, pambuyo pa mayeso angapo, zitha kupezeka kuti kuwonjezera mphamvu ya laser kuchokera pa 1000W mpaka 1200W kungachepetse kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zinyalala.
  • Sinthani malo ofunikira:
    • Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili ndi vuto lalikulu: Yesani kusintha malo ofunikira mmwamba (kutsogolo kwa mbale) kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa negative - focal. Izi zitha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu pansi pa chodulidwacho. Kuyesa kwa njira yofunikira kungachitike, kudula ndi magawo osiyanasiyana kuyambira - 1mm mpaka - 3mm ya negative - focal, kuti mupeze malo ofunikira omwe ali ndi matope ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, poyesa kudula mbale yachitsulo cha kaboni cha 3 - mm - wandiweyani, zapezeka kuti kuchuluka kwa negative - focal - 1.5mm kumabweretsa kudula koyera kwambiri komwe kumakhala ndi matope ochepa.
  • Sinthani magawo a mpweya:
    • Wonjezerani kuthamanga kwa mpweya: Onetsetsani kuti mpweya uli ndi mphamvu zokwanira. Pa mbale zoonda, kupanikizika kwa 0.8 - 1.2MPa kungafunike, ndipo pa mbale zokhuthala, kupanikizika kwakukulu kumafunika. Yang'anani nthawi zonse compressor ya mpweya ndi makina owumitsa ndi kusefa kuti muwonetsetse kuti gwero la mpweya ndi loyera, louma, komanso kupanikizika kuli kokhazikika. Zodetsa monga mafuta ndi chinyezi mumlengalenga zimatha kukhudza kwambiri momwe kudula kumagwirira ntchito. Mu malo opangira zinthu, mutasintha chowongolera mpweya chomwe sichikugwira ntchito bwino ndikuyika fyuluta yowumitsa mpweya yogwira ntchito bwino, khalidwe lodula linakula kwambiri, ndipo zinyalala zochepa.
  • Chepetsani liwiro lodula:
    • Chepetsani liwiro moyenera: Kuchepetsa liwiro lodulira kumathandiza kuti zinthuzo zizitha kuyamwa mphamvu nthawi yambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti zasungunuka kwathunthu ndikuwuluka. Liwiro ndi mphamvu ziyenera kusinthidwa mogwirizana kuti zipeze bwino kwambiri. Mukadula mbale yachitsulo cha kaboni cha makulidwe a 8 - mm, kuchepetsa liwiro lodulira kuchokera pa 1000mm/min kufika pa 800mm/min pamene mukusunga mphamvu yoyenera kumatha kuchotsa bwino zinyalala zomwe zili pansi.

Mtundu Wachiwiri: Zinyalala Zolimba, Zosalala Pansi

Makhalidwe

Mtundu uwu wa zinyalala umadziwika ndi kapangidwe kake kosalala komanso kolimba. Umaoneka ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena ufa, tomwe timamatira kwambiri pamwamba pa choduliracho. Tinthu ta zinyalala ta zinyalala zimenezi nthawi zambiri timakhala tating'ono kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zinyalala zopitirira za mtundu woyamba, nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati pa ma micrometers mpaka ma sub - millimeters. Kuuma kwawo kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzichotsa pambuyo pokonza, nthawi zambiri zimafuna njira zamphamvu kwambiri zamakaniko kapena mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito burashi yosavuta yoyeretsera, zinyalala za zinyalala zimatha kukhalabe pamwamba, zomwe zimakhudza kumalizidwa konse ndi mtundu wa ntchito.

Zimayambitsa

  • Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni wa zinthu: Ichi ndi chikhalidwe cha mpweya wodulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodulira. Mu malo otentha kwambiri panthawi yodulira, mpweya womwe uli mumlengalenga umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chitsulo cha kaboni. Machitidwe a mankhwala makamaka ndi Fe + O₂ → FeO/Fe₃O₄/Fe₂O₃. Ma oxide omwe amapangidwa (makamaka ma iron oxides) amakhala ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri komanso kukhuthala kwakukulu. Zotsatira zake, samawulutsidwa mosavuta ndi mpweya wothandizira ndipo amaundana kuti apange zinyalala zolimba. Podulira mapaipi achitsulo cha kaboni chokhuthala chokhala ndi makoma okhala ndi mpweya ngati mpweya wothandizira, ma oxide ambiri achitsulo chosungunuka kwambiri amapangidwa, omwe ndi ovuta kutulutsa kuchokera pamalo odulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zinyalala za granular.
  • Kutentha kwambiri: Ngakhale kuti mphamvu zosakwanira zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mtundu woyamba wa zinyalala, kutentha kwambiri, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuphatikiza mphamvu zambiri ndi liwiro lochepa, kungayambitse kuti mbaleyo ipse kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa ma oxides okwera kwambiri, zomwe zimawonjezera vuto la zinyalala. Poyesa kudula pepala lopyapyala la kaboni ndi mphamvu ya laser yochuluka kwambiri komanso liwiro lochepa kwambiri lodula, zinthuzo sizimangodutsa mu oxidation yochuluka komanso zimasungunuka ndi nthunzi mosagwirizana, ndikusiya zinyalala zopyapyala pamwamba podula.
  • Kuwonongeka kwa nozzle kapena kusakhazikika bwino: Ma nozzles osweka angayambitse kusokonezeka kwa mpweya, zomwe zimalepheretsa kulowa mu mpata molingana komanso moyimirira. Ngati pakati pa nozzle sipalumikizana ndi kuwala kwa laser, mphamvu yopumira ya mpweya imachepa, ndipo slag yosungunuka singathe kuchotsedwa bwino. Mu mzere wopanga pomwe nozzles zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali popanda kusinthidwa, nozzles osweka amachititsa kuti mpweya upite kutali ndi njira yoyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinyalala zodulira zisoke pamwamba pa choduliracho zisoke chifukwa chochotsa slag mosagwira ntchito.

Mayankho

  • Konzani bwino kufananiza kwa liwiro lodulira ndi mphamvu:
    • Gwiritsani ntchito njira ya "liwiro lalikulu, mphamvu zochepa": Poganizira zoti zinthuzo zilowerere bwino, kuwonjezera liwiro moyenera ndikuchepetsa mphamvu kungachepetse nthawi yomwe zinthuzo zimakhala pamalo otentha kwambiri, motero kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa okosijeni m'thupi. Njira imeneyi ndi yosiyana ndi njira yothetsera vuto la mtundu woyamba wa zinyalala ndipo imafuna kukonza mosamala. Pa pepala la chitsulo cha kaboni cha 2 - mm, kuwonjezera liwiro lodulira kuchokera pa 1500mm/min mpaka 1800mm/min pomwe kuchepetsa mphamvu kuchokera pa 800W mpaka 700W kungachepetse bwino kupangika kwa zinyalala zosakaniza.
  • Sinthani magawo a mpweya (kusintha kwa njira):
    • Pa mbale zopyapyala, yesani kuchepetsa pang'ono kuthamanga kwa mpweya: Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kwambiri kungawonjezere mphamvu ya okosijeni m'malo mochotsa slag. Ndikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wochepa uku mukuonetsetsa kuti slag ikhoza kuchotsedwa. Poyesa kudula mbale yachitsulo cha kaboni cha 1 - mm - chokhuthala, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa mpweya kuchokera pa 1.0MPa kufika pa 0.8MPa, pamene mukusunga zinthu zina zokhazikika, zimapangitsa kuti kudulako kukhale koyera komanso kosapanga dzimbiri.
    • Onetsetsani kuti mpweya ndi woyera: Mpweya wouma komanso wopanda mafuta wokha ndi womwe uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chinyezi chingathe kuziziritsa chitsulo chosungunuka mwachangu ndikulimbikitsa okosijeni, pomwe kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta kungadetse magalasi ndikukhudza mtundu wa kudula. Kuyika zida zoyeretsera mpweya - zowumitsa ndi mafuta - zogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri mumlengalenga - kungatsimikizire kuyera kwa mpweya, ndikukweza kwambiri mtundu wa kudula ndikuchepetsa zinyalala.
  • Yang'anani ndikusintha nozzle:
    • Yang'anani momwe nozzle ilili: Yang'anani nthawi zonse nozzle kuti muwone ngati yawonongeka, yasintha, kapena yatsekeka ndi zinyalala. Nozzle zosweka ziyenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo. Mu malo opangira zinthu, kuwunika kokonzedwa kwa nozzle maola 50 aliwonse ogwira ntchito kungalepheretse kuti pasakhale zinyalala zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mavuto a nozzle.
    • Linganizani pakati pa nozzle: Gwiritsani ntchito pepala lolinganiza kapena zida zapadera zolinganiza kuti muwonetsetse kuti pakati pa dzenje la nozzle pakugwirizana kwathunthu ndi kuwala kwa laser. Iyi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri pakutsimikizira kuti mpweya ukuyenda bwino. Mukagwiritsa ntchito chida chaukadaulo cholinganiza nozzle, khalidwe lodula limakula bwino kwambiri, ndipo zinyalala za granular zimachepa kwambiri chifukwa cha njira yabwino yoyendetsera mpweya.
  • Gwiritsani ntchito mbale zokutidwa:
    • Ngati zinthu zikuyenda bwino, gwiritsani ntchito mbale zachitsulo zophimbidwa monga mbale zomatira. Chophimbacho nthawi zina chingathandize pa nthawi yodula kapena kusintha mawonekedwe a slag, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinyalalazo zikhale zosavuta kuchotsa. Komabe, iyi si njira yofunikira kwambiri. Podula mbale zachitsulo za carbon galvanized, chitsulo cha zinc chimatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi chitsulo chosungunuka ndi zinthu zosungunuka m'njira yosinthira mawonekedwe a slag, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chichotsedwe pamalo odulira.

Njira Zothetsera Mavuto Mwachangu

Kuyang'ana Zida Zamagetsi

  • Lenzi yoteteza: Yesani nthawi zonse ngati lenzi yoteteza ndi yoyera komanso yopanda kuwonongeka. Lenzi yodetsedwa kapena yowonongeka imatha kuchepetsa mphamvu ya laser, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kudula kusakhale kofanana komanso kuti slag imamatire bwino. Ngati pali zinthu zodetsa, yeretsani lenzi mosamala pogwiritsa ntchito zotsukira zoyenera komanso zida zoyenera.
  • Mphuno: Yang'anani nozzle kuti muwone ngati pali zizindikiro zilizonse zakuwonongeka, kusinthika, kapena kutsekeka. Nozzle yosweka yokhala ndi mainchesi akulu kapena osakhazikika ingayambitse kuyenda kwa mpweya kuchoka mbali yoyenera, zomwe zimafooketsa mphamvu ya slag - kuphulika. Sinthani nozzle nthawi yomweyo ngati pali vuto lililonse. Kuphatikiza apo, onetsetsani kuti kukula kwa nozzle kuli koyenera pantchito yodulira, chifukwa nozzle yosayenera ingathandizenso ku mavuto a slag.
  • Kuthamanga kwa mpweya: Onetsetsani kuti kuthamanga kwa mpweya kwafika pamtengo wokhazikika ndipo kumakhalabe kokhazikika panthawi yonse yodula. Ikani choyezera kuthamanga kwa mpweya chodalirika kuti chiziwunika kuthamanga kwa mpweya molondola. Kusinthasintha kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya kungasokoneze kuchotsa chitsulo chosungunuka bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale slag. Ngati kuthamanga sikukwanira kapena kusakhazikika, yang'anani makina operekera mpweya, kuphatikizapo compressor ya mpweya, mapaipi, ndi ma valve, kuti mudziwe ndikuthetsa vuto.
  • Gwero la gasi: Onetsetsani kuti gwero la mpweya ndi louma komanso loyera. Chinyezi mumlengalenga chingathe kuziziritsa chitsulo chosungunuka mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti okosijeni achuluke komanso kuti slag ikhale yolimba. Kuipitsidwa ndi mafuta sikungodetsa magalasi okha komanso kumakhudza momwe mankhwala amagwirira ntchito panthawi yodula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kudula koyipa. Ikani zida zoyeretsera mpweya zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso zida zosefera mafuta mumlengalenga kuti zitsimikizire kuti mpweya ndi woyera.

Kukonza Zoyang'ana Kwambiri

Kuchita mayeso a njira yowunikira ndi yofunika kwambiri. Mayesowa amathandiza kudziwa malo oyenera owunikira zinthu ndi makulidwe omwe akudulidwa. Zipangizo ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana zimafuna malo osiyana owunikira kuti zikwaniritse kudula kwabwino kwambiri komanso kocheperako.
Njirayi imaphatikizapo kuchita ma test cuts angapo okhala ndi ma negative - focal quantities osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri kuyambira - 1mm mpaka - 3mm kuti mudule carbon - chitsulo ndi mpweya pansi pa negative - focal conditions. Pa nthawi yoyesera, yang'anirani mosamala mtundu wa kudula, makamaka kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa slag adhesion. Malo olunjika omwe amachititsa kuti slag ikhale yochepa, malo odulira osalala, komanso kulowa kwathunthu kwa zinthuzo amaonedwa kuti ndi malo abwino kwambiri. Lembani ma points awa olunjika - malo kuti muwagwiritse ntchito mtsogolo mukadula zinthu zofanana ndi makulidwe.

Kusintha kwa Mphamvu ndi Liwiro

  • Kuti pakhale zinyalala zopitirira, zotuluka madzi: Ngati slag ili mu mawonekedwe a ziphuphu zopitirira, zomwe zikudontha pansi, chofunika kwambiri ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya laser kapena kuchepetsa liwiro lodulira. Kuonjezera mphamvu mwachindunji kumawonjezera mphamvu zambiri pa njira yodulira, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo zasungunuka mokwanira ndikusungunuka. Kuchepetsa liwiro kumalola zinthuzo kuti zitenge mphamvu ya laser nthawi yochulukirapo, zomwe zimathandiza kudula kwathunthu ndikuchotsa bwino chitsulo chosungunuka. Komabe, posintha magawo awa, ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi malire kuti tipewe mavuto ena monga kutentha kwambiri kapena kusungunuka kwambiri.
  • Za zinyalala zopyapyala komanso zolimba: Pogwira ntchito ndi zinyalala zolimba komanso zopyapyala, njira yake ndi kuwonjezera liwiro lodulira kapena kuchepetsa mphamvu moyenera. Kuonjezera liwiro kumafupikitsa nthawi yomwe zinthuzo zimakhala m'dera lotentha kwambiri, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa okosijeni. Kuchepetsa mphamvu kumathandiza kupewa kutentha kwambiri, komwe kungayambitse kupanga ma oxide ambiri osungunuka kwambiri. Mwa kukonza bwino kuphatikiza liwiro ndi mphamvu, kupangika kwa zinyalala zopyapyala kumatha kuchepetsedwa bwino.

Mapeto

Vuto la kumamatira kwa slag mu mpweya wopanda mphamvu - kudula kwa focal kwa chitsulo cha kaboni ndi lovuta, chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo monga mphamvu yolowera, magawo a gasi, ndi mikhalidwe ya hardware. Pa mitundu iwiri yodziwika bwino ya kumamatira kwa slag, ma burs osalekeza, otuluka ndi zinyalala zolimba, zifukwa zosiyanasiyana ndi mayankho ofanana afufuzidwa. Pakupanga kothandiza, ndikofunikira kuyesa ndikuwongolera magawo mosalekeza. Kuyang'ana nthawi zonse zigawo za hardware, monga lens yoteteza ndi nozzle, ndikuwonetsetsa kukhazikika ndi kuyera kwa gwero la mpweya, ndi njira zoyambira. Kudzera mu mayeso owunikira - malo, malo abwino owunikira amatha kudziwika. Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kogwirizana kwa mphamvu ya laser ndi liwiro lodula malinga ndi mtundu wa kumamatira kwa slag ndikofunikira. Mwa kukwaniritsa bwino pakati pa "kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya okosijeni kuti muwonjezere kutentha" ndi "kuletsa okosijeni wambiri kuti asapange slag yosungunuka kwambiri," kudula kwa kaboni kwapamwamba komanso kogwira mtima kumatha kuchitika, kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mafakitale amakono.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-19-2025