Ukushisela nge-laser kungenye yezici ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula nge-laser, kodwa futhi ubuchwepheshe bokushisela obuheha amehlo kakhulu futhi obuthembisayo ekhulwini lama-21. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokushisela zendabuko, ukushisela nge-laser kunezinzuzo eziningi, ikhwalithi ephezulu yokushisela kanye nokusebenza kahle okusheshayo. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bokushisela nge-laser busetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizeni, ekusetshenzisweni kwensimbi eyimpuphu, embonini yezimoto, embonini ye-elekthronikhi, ezokwelapha nge-biomedicine nakweminye imikhakha.
Ngokwendlela yokwakheka kwechibi lokushisela, ukushisela nge-laser kunezindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo zokushisela: ukushisela kokuqhuba ukushisa kanye nokushisela kokungena okujulile (imbobo encane). Ukushisa okukhiqizwa ukushisela kokuqhuba ukushisa kusatshalaliswa ku-workpiece ngokudluliselwa kokushisa, ukuze ubuso be-weld buncibilike, ngokuyisisekelo akukho mkhuba wokuhwamuka, ovame ukusetshenziswa ekushiseni izingxenye zodonga oluncane olunesivinini esiphansi. Ukushisela okujulile kwe-fusion kuyawushisa umkhiqizo futhi kwakha inani elikhulu le-plasma. Ngenxa yokushisa okukhulu, kuzoba nezimbobo engxenyeni engaphambili yechibi elincibilikisiwe. Ukushisela okujulile kungashisela kahle i-workpiece, futhi amandla okufaka makhulu, ijubane lokushisela liyashesha, imodi yokushisela ye-laser esetshenziswa kakhulu.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinqubo ezithinta ikhwalithi yokushisela nge-laser, njengobuningi bamandla, i-laser pulse waveform, i-defocus, isivinini sokushisela kanye negesi yokushaya ehambisanayo.
1. Ubuningi bamandla e-laser Ubuningi bamandla bungenye yemingcele ebaluleke kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kwe-laser. Ngobuningi bamandla aphezulu, ungqimba olungaphezulu lungashiswa lube sezingeni lokubila ngaphakathi kwesikhathi se-microsecond, okudala inani elikhulu lokuhwamuka. Ngakho-ke, ubuningi bamandla aphezulu bunenzuzo kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kokususwa kwezinto, njengokushaya, ukusika kanye nokuqopha. Ngobuningi bamandla aphansi, kuthatha ama-millisecond amaningana ukuze izinga lokushisa longaphezulu lifinyelele ezingeni lokubila, futhi ngaphambi kokuba ungqimba olungaphezulu luhwamuke, ungqimba olungezansi lufinyelele ezingeni lokuncibilika, okulula ukwakha i-fusion welding enhle. Ngakho-ke, ekushiseni kwe-laser conduction, ububanzi bobuningi bamandla bungu-104-106W/cm2.
2. Ifomu le-laser pulse wave
I-laser pulse waveform akuyona nje ipharamitha ebalulekile yokuhlukanisa ukususwa kwezinto ekuncibilikeni kwezinto, kodwa futhi iyipharamitha eyisihluthulelo yokunquma ivolumu kanye nezindleko zemishini yokucubungula. Lapho umsebe we-laser onamandla aphezulu ufika ebusweni bezinto, ubuso bezinto buzoba nokukhanya nokulahlekelwa okungu-60 ~ 90% kwamandla e-laser, ikakhulukazi igolide, isiliva, ithusi, i-aluminium, i-titanium nezinye izinto, ukudluliselwa kokushisa okusheshayo. Ukukhanya kwensimbi kuyahlukahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngesikhathi sesignali ye-laser pulse. Lapho izinga lokushisa lobuso bezinto liphakanyiswa liye endaweni yokuncibilika, ukukhanya kwehla ngokushesha, futhi lapho ubuso busesimweni sokuncibilika, ukukhanya kuzinza ngenani elithile.
3. Ububanzi be-pulse Ububanzi be-pulse buyipharamitha ebalulekile yokushisela nge-laser eshaywayo. Ububanzi be-pulse bunqunywa ukujula kokungena kanye nendawo ethintekile ekushiseni. Uma ububanzi be-pulse bude, kulapho indawo ethintekile ekushiseni iba nkulu, kanye nokujula kokungena kwanda ngamandla angu-1/2 obubanzi be-pulse. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kobubanzi be-pulse kuzonciphisa amandla aphezulu, ngakho-ke ukwanda kobubanzi be-pulse kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukushisela ngokushisa, okuholela kusayizi we-weld ebanzi nengajulile, efanelekile kakhulu ekushiseni ngamapuleti amancane namakhulu. Kodwa-ke, amandla aphezulu aphansi aholela ekufakweni kokushisa okweqile, futhi into ngayinye inobubanzi be-pulse obuhle kakhulu obukhulisa ukungena.
4, ukushisela nge-laser defocus ngokuvamile kudinga inani elithile lokushisela, ngoba ukugxila kwe-laser enkabeni yobuningi bamandla e-spot kuphakeme kakhulu, kulula ukuhwamuka kube yimigodi. Ukusatshalaliswa kobuningi bamandla kuyafana kakhulu endizeni ngayinye kude nokugxila kwe-laser. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokushisela: ukushisela kahle kanye nokushisela kabi. Uma indiza egxile itholakala ngaphezu kwengxenye yokusebenza, ishisela kahle; ngaphandle kwalokho, ishisela kabi. Ngokusho kwe-geometrical optics theory, lapho ibanga phakathi kwezindiza ezishisela kahle nezingalungile kanye nendiza yokushisela lilingana, ubukhulu bamandla endizeni ehambisanayo bucishe bufane, kodwa isimo sangempela sechibi lokushisela esitholiwe sihlukile. Endabeni yokushisela kabi, kungatholakala ukungena okukhulu, okuhlobene nenqubo yokwakheka kwechibi elincibilikisiwe.
5, isivinini sokushisela Isivinini sokushisela sinquma ikhwalithi yendawo yokushisela, ukungena, indawo ethintekile ekushiseni, njll. Ijubane lokushisela lizothinta okufakwayo kokushisa ngeyunithi ngayinye ngesikhathi. Uma ijubane lokushisela lihamba kancane kakhulu, okufakwayo kokushisa kukhulu kakhulu, okuholela ekushiseni kwengxenye yokusebenza. Uma ijubane lokushisela lishesha kakhulu, okufakwayo kokushisa kuncane kakhulu, okuholela ekungacacini kwengxenye yokusebenza. Ukunciphisa ijubane lokushisela kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukungena.
6, igesi yokuvikela evuthelayo eyisivikelo evuthelayo iyinqubo ebalulekile ekushiseni nge-laser enamandla amakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvimbela izinto zensimbi ukuthi zingaphumi futhi zingcolise isibuko esigxilile; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvimbela i-plasma ekhiqizwa enkambisweni yokushisela ukuthi ingagxili kakhulu futhi kuvimbele i-laser ukuthi ingafiki ebusweni bezinto ezibonakalayo. Enkambisweni yokushisisa nge-laser, i-helium, i-argon, i-nitrogen namanye amagesi avame ukusetshenziswa ukuvikela ichibi elincibilikisiwe, ukuze umsebenzi uvikeleke ekungcolisweni kobunjiniyela bokushisisa. Izici ezifana nohlobo lwegesi evikelayo, ubukhulu bokugeleza komoya kanye ne-Angle evuthelayo zinethonya elikhulu emiphumeleni yokushisisa. Izindlela ezahlukene zokushisisa nazo zinethonya elithile ekhwalithini yokushisisa.
I-Helium ayikhiqizi i-ionize kalula (inamandla aphezulu e-ionizing), ivumela i-laser ukuthi idlule kahle futhi amandla e-beam afinyelele endaweni yokusebenza ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Lena igesi evikelayo esebenza kahle kakhulu esetshenziswa ekushiseni nge-laser, kodwa intengo ibiza kakhulu. I-Argon ishibhile futhi inzima, ngakho-ke inokuvikelwa okungcono. Kodwa-ke, ikhiqizwa kalula yi-plasma yensimbi eshisa kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela ivikele ingxenye ye-beam kusuka ku-workpiece, inciphise amandla e-laser asebenzayo okushisisa, kodwa futhi yonakalise ijubane lokushisisa kanye nokungena. Izindawo zokushisisa ezivikelwe yi-argon zibushelelezi kunalezo ezivikelwe yi-helium. I-nitrogen iyona eshibhile njengegesi evikelayo, kodwa ayifaneleki kwezinye izinhlobo zokushisisa insimbi engagqwali, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezinkinga ze-metallurgical, njengokumuncwa, ngezinye izikhathi okudala ama-pores endaweni ye-lap.
Njengobuchwepheshe obusha bokushisela, ukushisela nge-laser kunezici zobuningi bamandla aphezulu, isivinini esikhulu, ukunemba okuphezulu, ukungena okujulile kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okunamandla. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kubanzi kakhulu, okungeke nje kuphela kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise nekhwalithi yokushisela. Ubuchwepheshe bokushisela nge-laser ngokuqinisekile buzodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wokucubungula izinto.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-28-2023
