Walda ta Laser tana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman fannoni na amfani da fasahar sarrafa laser, amma kuma ita ce fasahar walda mafi jan hankali da kuma alfanu a ƙarni na 21. Idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin walda na gargajiya, walda ta laser tana da fa'idodi da yawa, ingancin walda mafi girma da kuma inganci cikin sauri. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da fasahar walda ta laser sosai a masana'antu, masana'antar ƙarfe, masana'antar motoci, masana'antar lantarki, kimiyyar halittu da sauran fannoni.
Dangane da tsarin samuwar wurin walda, walda ta laser tana da manyan hanyoyin walda guda biyu: walda mai isar da zafi da walda mai shiga zurfin rami (ƙaramin rami). Zafin da walda mai isar da zafi ke samarwa yana yaɗuwa zuwa wurin aiki ta hanyar canja wurin zafi, ta yadda saman walda zai narke, ba tare da wani abu mai tayar da tururi ba, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi wajen walda kayan da ke da ƙananan gudu. Walda mai haɗa zurfi yana tururi kayan kuma yana samar da babban adadin plasma. Saboda babban zafi, za a sami ramuka a ƙarshen gaban wurin wankin da aka narke. Walda mai shiga zurfin zurfi na iya walda kayan aikin sosai, kuma kuzarin shigarwa yana da girma, saurin walda yana da sauri, kuma shine yanayin walda ta laser da aka fi amfani da shi.
Akwai sigogi da yawa na tsari da ke shafar ingancin walda ta laser, kamar yawan wutar lantarki, yanayin bugun zuciya ta laser, defocus, saurin walda da iskar gas mai ƙarfi.
1. Yawan ƙarfin Laser Yawan ƙarfin lantarki yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman sigogi a cikin sarrafa laser. Tare da yawan ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma, ana iya dumama saman Layer zuwa wurin tafasa a cikin lokacin microsecond, wanda ke haifar da yawan tururi mai yawa. Saboda haka, yawan ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa yana da matukar amfani ga sarrafa kayan aiki, kamar huda, yankewa da sassaka. Don ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki, yana ɗaukar milliseconds da yawa kafin zafin saman ya isa wurin tafasa, kuma kafin saman Layer ya yi tururi, ƙasan Layer ya isa wurin narkewa, wanda yake da sauƙin samar da walda mai kyau. Saboda haka, a cikin walda laser mai isar da zafi, kewayon yawan ƙarfin lantarki shine 104-106W/cm2.
2. Tsarin bugun zuciya na Laser
Tsarin bugun Laser ba wai kawai muhimmin siga bane don bambance cire kayan abu daga narkewar abu, har ma da maɓalli mai mahimmanci don tantance girma da farashin kayan aiki. Lokacin da babban ƙarfin hasken laser ya kai saman kayan, saman kayan zai sami kashi 60 ~ 90% na hasken makamashin laser da asararsa, musamman zinare, azurfa, jan ƙarfe, aluminum, titanium da sauran kayan aiki mai ƙarfi, canja wurin zafi cikin sauri. Hasken ƙarfe yana canzawa tare da lokaci yayin siginar bugun laser. Lokacin da zafin saman kayan ya tashi zuwa wurin narkewa, hasken yana raguwa da sauri, kuma lokacin da saman yake cikin yanayin narkewa, hasken yana daidaita a wani ƙima.
3. Faɗin Pulse Faɗin Pulse muhimmin ma'auni ne na walda mai amfani da laser. An ƙayyade faɗin bugun jini ta hanyar zurfin shigar ciki da yankin da zafi ya shafa. Tsawon faɗin bugun jini, girman yankin da zafi ya shafa, da kuma zurfin shigar ciki ya ƙaru da ƙarfin 1/2 na faɗin bugun jini. Duk da haka, ƙaruwar faɗin bugun jini zai rage ƙarfin kololuwa, don haka ana amfani da ƙaruwar faɗin bugun jini gabaɗaya don walda mai amfani da zafi, wanda ke haifar da girman walda mai faɗi da mara zurfi, musamman dacewa da walda mai laushi da faranti masu kauri. Duk da haka, ƙarancin ƙarfin kololuwa yana haifar da shigar zafi mai yawa, kuma kowane abu yana da faɗin bugun jini mafi kyau wanda ke haɓaka shigar ciki.
4, walda laser na defocus yawanci yana buƙatar wani adadin defocus, saboda mayar da hankali kan laser a tsakiyar ƙarfin tabo yana da yawa, yana da sauƙin ƙafewa zuwa ramuka. Rarraba yawan ƙarfi iri ɗaya ne a kowane jirgin sama nesa da mayar da hankali kan laser. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na defocusing: defocusing mai kyau da defocusing mara kyau. Idan babban jirgin yana saman aikin, yana defocusing mai kyau; in ba haka ba, yana defocusing mara kyau. Dangane da ka'idar gani na geometrical, lokacin da nisan da ke tsakanin jiragen defocusing mai kyau da mara kyau da jirgin walda ya yi daidai, yawan ƙarfin da ke kan jirgin daidai yake kusan iri ɗaya, amma ainihin siffar tafkin walda da aka samu ya bambanta. A yanayin defocusing mara kyau, ana iya samun ƙarin shigarwa, wanda ke da alaƙa da tsarin samuwar tafkin narkakken.
5, Saurin walda Saurin walda yana ƙayyade ingancin saman walda, shigar ciki, yankin da zafi ya shafa, da sauransu. Saurin walda zai shafi shigar zafi a kowane lokaci naúrar. Idan saurin walda ya yi jinkiri sosai, shigar zafi ya yi yawa, wanda ke haifar da ƙonewar kayan aikin. Idan saurin walda ya yi sauri sosai, shigar zafi ya yi ƙanƙanta, wanda ke haifar da walda mai aiki ba tare da an gano shi ba. Rage saurin walda yawanci ana amfani da shi don inganta shigar ciki.
6, iskar gas mai kariya daga iskar gas mai kariya daga iskar gas mai ƙarfi muhimmin tsari ne a cikin walda mai ƙarfi ta laser. A gefe guda, don hana kayan ƙarfe su toka da kuma gurɓata madubin mai mai da hankali; A gefe guda kuma, don hana plasma da aka samar a cikin walda daga mai da hankali sosai da kuma hana laser isa saman kayan. A cikin walda ta laser, ana amfani da helium, argon, nitrogen da sauran iskar gas sau da yawa don kare wurin narke, don haka aikin ya kasance kariya daga iskar shaka a cikin injiniyan walda. Abubuwa kamar nau'in iskar gas mai kariya, girman kwararar iska da kusurwar busawa suna da babban tasiri akan sakamakon walda. Hanyoyin busawa daban-daban suma suna da wani tasiri akan ingancin walda.
Helium ba ya yin ionization cikin sauƙi (yana da ƙarfin ionizing mai yawa), yana bawa laser damar wucewa cikin sauƙi kuma ƙarfin hasken ya isa saman aikin ba tare da wata matsala ba. Wannan shine iskar gas mafi inganci da ake amfani da ita a walda ta laser, amma farashin yana da tsada sosai. Argon yana da rahusa kuma yana da kariyar da ta fi kyau. Duk da haka, ana iya haɗa shi da ion cikin sauƙi ta hanyar plasma na ƙarfe mai zafi, don haka yana kare wani ɓangare na katako daga aikin, yana rage ƙarfin laser mai inganci na walda, amma kuma yana lalata saurin walda da shigar ciki. Saman walda da argon ke karewa sun fi waɗanda helium ke karewa kyau. Nitrogen shine mafi arha a matsayin iskar kariya, amma bai dace da wasu nau'ikan walda na bakin ƙarfe ba, galibi saboda matsalolin ƙarfe, kamar sha, wanda wani lokacin ke haifar da ramuka a yankin cinya.
A matsayin sabuwar fasahar walda, walda ta laser tana da halaye na yawan kuzari mai yawa, saurin gudu, daidaito mai yawa, zurfin shiga da kuma sauƙin daidaitawa mai ƙarfi. Amfani da ita yana ƙara faɗaɗawa, wanda ba wai kawai zai iya inganta ingancin samarwa ba, har ma da inganta ingancin walda. Fasahar walda ta laser tabbas za ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannin sarrafa kayan aiki.
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-28-2023
