Ukuwelda nge-laser yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwetekhnoloji yokucubungula i-laser, kodwa ikwayeyona teknoloji yokuwelda enomtsalane kakhulu nethembisayo kwinkulungwane yama-21. Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli zokuwelda, ukuwelda nge-laser kuneenzuzo ezininzi, umgangatho ophezulu wokuwelda kunye nokusebenza ngokukhawuleza. Okwangoku, itekhnoloji yokuwelda nge-laser isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso, i-powder metallurgy, imboni yeemoto, imboni ye-elektroniki, i-biomedicine kunye neminye imimandla.
Ngokwendlela yokwakheka kwedama lokuwelda, i-laser welding ineendlela ezimbini ezisisiseko zokuwelda: i-heat conduction welding kunye ne-deep penetration (small hole). Ubushushu obuveliswa yi-heat conduction welding busasazwa kwindawo yokusebenza ngokudluliselwa kobushushu, ukuze umphezulu we-weld unyibilike, ngokusisiseko akukho nto yokufutha, edla ngokusetyenziswa ekuweldaniseni izinto ezincinci zodonga oluncinci. I-Deep fusion welding iyawufumisa loo mbandela kwaye yenze inani elikhulu le-plasma. Ngenxa yobushushu obukhulu, kuya kubakho imingxunya ngaphambili kwedama elinyibilikisiweyo. I-Deep penetration welding inokuwufutha kakuhle umsebenzi, kwaye amandla okufaka makhulu, isantya sokuwelda siyakhawuleza, yeyona ndlela yokufutha ye-laser esetyenziswa kakhulu.
Kukho iiparameter ezininzi zenkqubo ezichaphazela umgangatho we-laser welding, ezifana noxinano lwamandla, i-laser pulse waveform, i-defocus, isantya se-welding kunye ne-assistant blowing gas.
1. Uxinano lwamandla elaser Uxinano lwamandla yenye yezona parameter zibalulekileyo ekucutshungulweni kwelaser. Ngoxinano lwamandla aphezulu, umaleko womphezulu unokufudunyezwa ufikelele kwinqanaba lokubila ngaphakathi kwexesha le-microsecond, nto leyo evelisa inani elikhulu lokufuma. Ke ngoko, uxinano lwamandla aphezulu luluncedo kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kokususwa kwezinto, njengokubetha, ukusika kunye nokukrola. Uxinano lwamandla aphantsi, kuthatha ii-milliseconds ezininzi ukuze ubushushu bomphezulu bufikelele kwinqanaba lokubila, kwaye ngaphambi kokuba umaleko womphezulu uphuphume, umaleko osezantsi ufikelele kwinqanaba lokunyibilika, okulula ukwenza i-fusion welding elungileyo. Ke ngoko, kwi-laser welding yokuqhuba ubushushu, uluhlu lwamandla oxinano yi-104-106W/cm2.
2. Imo ye-laser pulse waveform
I-laser pulse waveform ayisiyonto ibalulekileyo nje kuphela yokwahlula ukususwa kwezinto ekunyibilikeni kwezinto, kodwa ikwayiyonto iphambili yokumisela ubungakanani kunye neendleko zezixhobo zokucubungula. Xa umqadi we-laser onamandla aphezulu ufikelela kumphezulu wezinto, umphezulu wezinto uya kuba ne-60 ~ 90% yokubonakaliswa kwamandla e-laser kunye nokulahleka, ingakumbi igolide, isilivere, ubhedu, i-aluminium, i-titanium kunye nezinye izinto ezibonisa ubushushu obuqinileyo, ukudluliselwa kobushushu okukhawulezayo. Ukubonakaliswa kwesinyithi kuyahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha ngexesha lesignali ye-laser pulse. Xa ubushushu bomphezulu wezinto buphakanyisiwe ukuya kwinqanaba lokunyibilika, ukubonakaliswa kwehla ngokukhawuleza, kwaye xa umphezulu ukwimeko yokunyibilika, ukubonakaliswa kuzinza ngexabiso elithile.
3. Ububanzi bepulse Ububanzi bepulse yiparameter ebalulekileyo ye-pulsed laser welding. Ububanzi bepulse bumiselwe bubunzulu bokungena kunye nendawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu. Okukhona ububanzi bepulse bude, kokukhona inkulu indawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu, kunye nobunzulu bokungena bunyuka ngamandla e-1/2 yobubanzi bepulse. Nangona kunjalo, ukwanda kobubanzi bepulse kuya kunciphisa amandla encochoyi, ngoko ke ukwanda kobubanzi bepulse kudla ngokusetyenziselwa ukuwelda okuqhuba ubushushu, okubangela ubungakanani be-weld ebanzi nenganzulu, ngakumbi efanelekileyo kwi-lap welding yeepleyiti ezincinci nezityebileyo. Nangona kunjalo, amandla encochoyi aphantsi abangela ukufakelwa kobushushu obuninzi, kwaye isixhobo ngasinye sinobubanzi bepulse obufanelekileyo okwandisa ukungena.
4, ukuwelda nge-laser defocus kudla ngokufuna ubungakanani obuthile bokuwohloka, kuba ugxininiso lwe-laser embindini woxinano lwamandla ebala luphezulu kakhulu, kulula ukulikhupha liye kwimingxunya. Ukusasazwa koxinano lwamandla kuyafana kwiplane nganye kude nogxininiso lwe-laser. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zowohloka: uwohloka oluchanekileyo kunye nowohloka olubi. Ukuba iplane egxile kwindawo ephezu kwendawo yokusebenza, yiwohloka oluchanekileyo; kungenjalo, yiwohloka olubi. Ngokwethiyori ye-geometrical optics, xa umgama phakathi kweplane egxile kwindawo echanekileyo nengalunganga kunye neplane yowelding ulingana, uxinano lwamandla kwiplane ehambelanayo luphantse lufane, kodwa imo yedama le-weld elifunyenweyo yahlukile. Kwimeko yowohloka olubi, ukungena okukhulu kunokufumaneka, okunxulumene nenkqubo yokwakheka kwedama elinyibilikisiweyo.
5, isantya sokudibanisa isantya sokudibanisa simisela umgangatho womphezulu wokudibanisa, ukungena, indawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu, njl. Isantya sokudibanisa siya kuchaphazela igalelo lobushushu ngexesha ngalinye. Ukuba isantya sokudibanisa sicotha kakhulu, igalelo lobushushu likhulu kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-workpiece itshise. Ukuba isantya sokudibanisa sikhawuleza kakhulu, igalelo lobushushu lincinci kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-workpiece ye-welding ingabonakali. Ukunciphisa isantya sokudibanisa kudla ngokusetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukungena.
6, igesi yokukhusela encedisayo yokuvuthela igesi yokukhusela encedisayo yinkqubo ebalulekileyo kwi-laser welding enamandla aphezulu. Kwelinye icala, ukuthintela izinto zesinyithi ukuba zingatshizi kwaye zingcolise isibuko esijolisayo; Kwelinye icala, kukuthintela iplasma eveliswa kwinkqubo yokuvuthela ukuba ingagxili kakhulu kwaye kuthintele i-laser ukuba ingafiki kumphezulu wezinto. Kwinkqubo yokuvuthela i-laser, i-helium, i-argon, i-nitrogen kunye nezinye iigesi zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela ichibi elinyibilikisiweyo, ukuze umsebenzi ukhuselwe kwi-oxidation kubunjineli bokuvuthela. Izinto ezifana nohlobo lwegesi yokukhusela, ubungakanani bokuhamba komoya kunye ne-Angle yokuvuthela zinempembelelo enkulu kwisiphumo sokuvuthela. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvuthela nazo zinempembelelo ethile kumgangatho wokuvuthela.
IHelium ayibi yi-ionize ngokulula (ine-ionizing energy ephezulu), ivumela i-laser ukuba idlule kakuhle kwaye amandla e-beam afikelele kumphezulu we-workpiece ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Le yeyona gesi ikhuselayo isebenzayo esetyenziswa kwi-laser welding, kodwa ixabiso libiza kakhulu. I-Argon ishibhile kwaye ixinene, ngoko ke inokhuseleko olungcono. Nangona kunjalo, i-ionize lula yi-plasma yesinyithi enobushushu obuphezulu, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela inxalenye ye-beam kwi-workpiece, inciphisa amandla e-laser asebenzayo e-welding, kodwa ikwayonakalisa isantya se-welding kunye nokungena. Imiphezulu ye-welds ekhuselwe yi-argon ithambile kunezo zikhuselwe yi-helium. I-nitrogen yeyona gesi ingabizi kakhulu njenge-protective, kodwa ayifanelekanga kwezinye iintlobo ze-stainless steel welding, ikakhulu ngenxa yeengxaki ze-metallurgical, ezifana nokufunxwa, ngamanye amaxesha ezidala ii-pores kwindawo ye-lap.
Njengeteknoloji entsha yokuhlanganisa, ukuxinana nge-laser kuneempawu zokuba namandla aphezulu, isantya esiphezulu, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, ukungena nzulu kunye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ngamandla. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubanzi ngakumbi nangakumbi, okungenakuphucula kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kodwa kukwaphucula nomgangatho wokuxinana. Iteknoloji yokuxinana nge-laser ngokuqinisekileyo iya kudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwicandelo lokucubungula izinto.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-28-2023
