Kupinza neLaser chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakushandiswa kwetekinoroji yekugadzira neLaser, asiwo ndiyo tekinoroji inokwezva maziso uye inovimbisa zvikuru muzana remakore rechi21. Kana tichienzanisa nenzira dzechinyakare dzekubatanidza, kuisa neLaser kune zvakanakira zvakawanda, mhando yepamusoro yekubatanidza uye kushanda nekukurumidza. Parizvino, tekinoroji yekuisa neLaser yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira, kugadzira simbi yeupfu, indasitiri yemotokari, indasitiri yemagetsi, biomedicine nedzimwe nzvimbo.
Zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwedziva rekushongedza, kushongedza nelaser kune nzira mbiri huru dzekushongedza: kushongedza nekupisa uye kupinza zvakadzika (gomba diki). Kupisa kunokonzerwa nekushongedza nekupisa kunopararira kuchinhu chebasa kuburikidza nekutamiswa kwekupisa, kuitira kuti pamusoro pechinongedzo chinyunguduke, pasina chiitiko chekupfachukira, icho chinowanzo shandiswa mukushongedza zvikamu zvemadziro matete-akaderera. Kushongedza nekubatanidza kwakadzika kunoita kuti chinhu chifefete uye kugadzire huwandu hwakawanda hweplasma. Nekuda kwekupisa kukuru, pachava nemaburi kumberi kwedziva rakanyungudutswa. Kushongedza nepakati kwakadzika kunogona kusanganisa chinongedzo zvakanaka, uye simba rekupinda rakakura, kumhanya kwekubatanidza kunokurumidza, ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa yekucheka nelaser.
Kune zvakawanda zvinokanganisa kunaka kwewelding nelaser, zvakaita sesimba remagetsi, mafungu emhepo anoputika nelaser, defocus, kumhanya kwewelding uye gasi rinoputika neassistant blowing.
1. Kuwanda kwesimba reLaser Kuwanda kwesimba reLaser ndeimwe yematanho akakosha mukugadzirisa nelaser. Nekuwanda kwesimba repamusoro, chikamu chepamusoro chinogona kupiswa kusvika pakufashaira mukati menguva ye microsecond, zvichigadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwekupfava. Nokudaro, huwandu hwesimba repamusoro hunobatsira zvikuru pakugadzirisa kubvisa zvinhu, zvakaita sekubaya, kucheka uye kuveza. Kune huwandu hwesimba rakaderera, zvinotora mamirisekonzi akati wandei kuti tembiricha yepamusoro isvike pakufashaira, uye chikamu chepamusoro chisati chapfava, chikamu chepasi chinosvika pakunyunguduka, izvo zviri nyore kugadzira welding yakanaka yekubatanidza. Naizvozvo, mukuputira nelaser yekupisa, huwandu hwesimba resimba i104-106W/cm2.
2. Chimiro chemhepo inoyerera neLaser
Kuumbwa kwemhepo yeLaser pulse hakusi chete chinhu chakakosha chekusiyanisa kubviswa kwezvinhu kubva mukunyunguduka kwezvinhu, asiwo chinhu chakakosha chekuona huwandu uye mutengo wemidziyo yekugadzirisa. Kana danda reLaser rakasimba kwazvo pamusoro pechinhu chacho, pamusoro pechinhu chacho pachava ne60 ~ 90% yekuratidzira uye kurasikirwa kwesimba reLaser, kunyanya goridhe, sirivha, mhangura, aruminiyamu, titanium nezvimwe zvinhu, kuratidzira kwakasimba, kutamiswa kwekupisa nekukurumidza. Kuratidzwa kwesimbi kunosiyana nenguva panguva yechiratidzo cheLaser pulse. Kana tembiricha yepamusoro yezvinhu ikasimudzwa kusvika panzvimbo yekunyunguduka, kuratidzira kunoderera nekukurumidza, uye kana pamusoro pacho pave mukunyunguduka, kuratidzira kunogadzikana pane imwe kukosha.
3. Upamhi hwepulse Upamhi hwepulse chinhu chakakosha pakupinza kwelaser nepulsed. Upamhi hwepulse hwaionekwa nekudzika kwekupinda uye nzvimbo inokanganiswa nekupisa. Kureba kwepulse, nzvimbo inokanganiswa nekupisa yakakura, uye kudzika kwekupinda kwakawedzera nesimba rehafu yehupamhi hwepulse. Zvisinei, kuwedzera kweupamhi hwepulse kunoderedza simba repamusoro, saka kuwedzera kweupamhi hwepulse kunowanzo shandiswa pakupinza kupisa, zvichikonzera saizi yakafara uye isina kudzika, inonyanya kukodzera kupinza mapurati matete uye makobvu. Zvisinei, simba repamusoro rakaderera rinoita kuti kupisa kuwedzere, uye chinhu chega chega chine upamhi hwepulse hwakakodzera hunowedzera kupinda.
4, kukwesha kwelaser ye defocus kunowanzoda huwandu hwakati hwe defocus, nekuti laser focus iri pakati pe spot power density yakanyanya kukwira, zviri nyore kupwanyika ichipinda mumakomba. Kugoverwa kwesimba remagetsi kwakafanana mundege yega yega kure ne laser focus. Kune nzira mbiri dze defocus: positive defocus uye negative defocus. Kana focal plane iri pamusoro pe workpiece, i positive defocus; zvikasadaro, i negative defocus. Sekureva kwe geometrical optics theory, kana daro riri pakati pe positive negative defocus planes ne welding plane rakaenzana, simba remagetsi pandege inoenderana rinenge rakafanana, asi chimiro che weld pool chaiyo chakasiyana. Kana negative defocus, kupinda kwakanyanya kunogona kuwanikwa, izvo zvine chekuita nekuumbwa kwedziva rakanyungudutswa.
5, kumhanya kwewelding kumhanya kwewelding kunosarudza kunaka kwenzvimbo yekuwelding, kupinda kwayo, nzvimbo inokanganiswa nekupisa, nezvimwewo. Kumhanya kwewelding kunokanganisa kupisa kunopinzwa panguva imwe neimwe. Kana kumhanya kwewelding kuchinonoka, kupisa kunopinzwa kwakakura, zvichiita kuti workpiece ipfute. Kana kumhanya kwewelding kuchikurumidza, kupisa kunopinzwa kudiki, zvichikonzera kuti workpiece yewelding isaonekwe zvakanaka. Kuderedza kumhanya kwewelding kunowanzo shandiswa kuvandudza kupinda kwayo.
6, gasi rinodzivirira rinopfuta rinodzivirira rinopfuta rinodzivirira rinopfuta rinodzivirira inzira inokosha mukuputira nelaser ine simba guru. Kune rumwe rutivi, kudzivirira zvinhu zvesimbi kuti zvisasvibise uye kusvibisa girazi rinotarisisa; Kune rumwe rutivi, kudzivirira plasma inogadzirwa mukuputira risingatarise zvakanyanya uye kudzivirira laser kuti isasvike pamusoro pechinhu chacho. Mukuputika nelaser, helium, argon, nitrogen nemamwe magasi anowanzo shandiswa kuchengetedza dziva rakanyungudutswa, kuitira kuti workpiece idzivirire kubva mukuputira muinjiniya yekuputira. Zvinhu zvakaita serudzi rwegasi rinodzivirira, saizi yekuyerera kwemhepo uye Angle inoputira zvine simba guru pamhedzisiro yekuputira. Nzira dzakasiyana dzekuputira dzinewo simba rakati pamhando yekuputira.
Helium haiite ionizing zviri nyore (ine simba rakawanda rekuita ionizing), zvichiita kuti laser ipfuure zvakanaka uye simba remuti risvike pamusoro pebasa risina kukanganiswa. Iri ndiro gasi rinodzivirira rinonyanya kushandiswa mukushongedza nelaser, asi mutengo wacho unodhura zvakanyanya. Argon yakachipa uye ine simba rakawanda, saka ine dziviriro iri nani. Zvisinei, inogona kuiswa ionizing zviri nyore neplasma yesimbi inodziya zvakanyanya, nokudaro ichidzivirira chikamu chemuti kubva pabasa, ichideredza simba rekushandisa laser rekushongedza, asiwo ichikuvadza kumhanya kwemuti nekupinza. Nzvimbo dzesimbi dzinodzivirirwa neargon dzakapfava kupfuura dzakachengetedzwa nehelium. Nitrogen ndiyo gasi rinodzivirira rakachipa, asi harina kukodzera mamwe marudzi ekushongedza simbi isina ngura, kunyanya nekuda kwematambudziko esimbi, akadai sekunyudzwa, izvo dzimwe nguva zvinogadzira maburi munzvimbo yemakumbo.
Semuchina mutsva wekubatanidza, kubatanidza nelaser kune hunhu hwesimba rakawanda, kumhanya kwakanyanya, kunyatsojeka, kupinda kwakadzika uye kugona kuchinjika kwakasimba. Kushandiswa kwayo kuri kuwedzera, izvo zvisingangogone kuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzira chete, asiwo kuvandudza mhando yekubatanidza. Tekinoroji yekubatanidza nelaser ichaita basa rakakosha mumunda wekugadzirisa zvinhu.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-28-2023
