Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi mu ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya laser, ariko kandi ni ikoranabuhanga rikurura amaso kandi ritanga icyizere mu kinyejana cya 21. Ugereranyije n'uburyo gakondo bwo gusudira, gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bifite ibyiza byinshi, ireme ryo gusudira riri hejuru kandi bikora neza vuba. Muri iki gihe, ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ryakoreshejwe cyane mu nganda, mu byuma bikoresha ifu, mu nganda z'imodoka, mu nganda z'ikoranabuhanga, mu buvuzi bw'ibinyabuzima n'ahandi.
Dukurikije uburyo bwo gukora ikidendezi cyo gusudira, gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ifite uburyo bubiri bw'ibanze bwo gusudira: gusudira ubushyuhe no gusudira mu buryo bwimbitse (umwobo muto). Ubushyuhe buturuka ku gusudira hakoreshejwe extension bukwirakwira mu gice cy'akazi binyuze mu kwimura ubushyuhe, ku buryo ubuso bw'ikidendezi bushonga, muri rusange nta kintu gihinduka gihumeka, gikunze gukoreshwa mu gusudira ibice by'urukuta rugufi. Gusuka mu buryo bwimbitse bihindura umwuka w'ibikoresho kandi bigatera plasma nyinshi. Bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, hazaba hari imyobo mu gice cy'imbere cy'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe. Gusuka mu buryo bwimbitse bishobora gusudira neza igice cy'akazi, kandi ingufu zinjiye ni nini, umuvuduko wo gusudira urihuta, ni bwo buryo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bukoreshwa cyane.
Hari ibipimo byinshi by’imikorere bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, nk'ubucucike bw'ingufu, ihinduka ry'ingufu hakoreshejwe laser, defocus, umuvuduko wo gusudira hamwe na gaze y'ubufasha ikoreshwa mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser.
1. Ubucucike bw'ingufu za laser Ubucucike bw'ingufu ni kimwe mu bipimo by'ingenzi mu gutunganya laser. Iyo ubucucike bw'ingufu buri hejuru, urwego rw'ubuso rushobora gushyuha kugeza ku rugero rubira mu gihe gito cya microsecond, bigatuma habaho umuyaga mwinshi. Kubwibyo, ubucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi ni ingirakamaro cyane mu gutunganya ibikoresho, nko gukubita, gukata no gushushanya. Ku bucucike bw'ingufu nke, bifata milisegonda nyinshi kugira ngo ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bugere ku rugero rubira, kandi mbere yuko urwego rw'ubuso ruhinduka umwuka, urwego rwo hasi rugera ku rugero rushonga, byoroshye gukora fusion welding nziza. Kubwibyo, mu gusudira laser ikoresha ubushyuhe, ubucucike bw'ingufu ni 104-106W/cm2.
2. Imiterere y'umuvuduko wa laser
Imiterere y'umuvuduko wa laser si ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo gutandukanya gukuraho ibikoresho mu gushonga kw'ibintu gusa, ahubwo ni n'ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kumenya ingano n'igiciro cy'ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibikoresho. Iyo umuraba wa laser ufite imbaraga nyinshi ku buso bw'ibikoresho, ubuso bw'ibikoresho buzaba bufite 60 ~ 90% by'ingufu za laser zigaragara kandi zigatakaza, cyane cyane zahabu, ifeza, umuringa, aluminiyumu, titaniyumu n'ibindi bikoresho bigaragara cyane, bikohereza ubushyuhe vuba. Ishusho ry'icyuma rihinduka uko igihe kigenda mu gihe cy'ikimenyetso cya laser. Iyo ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bw'ibikoresho buzamuwe kugera aho bishonga, isura igabanuka vuba, kandi iyo ubuso buri mu gihe cyo gushonga, isura irahagarara ku gaciro runaka.
3. Ubugari bw'imitsi Ubugari bw'imitsi ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser. Ubugari bw'imitsi bwagenwaga n'ubujyakuzimu bw'aho ubushyuhe bwinjirira n'aho ubushyuhe bwinjirira. Uko ubugari bw'imitsi burushaho kuba burebure, ni ko n'ubujyakuzimu bw'aho ubushyuhe bwinjirira byiyongera hamwe na 1/2 cy'ubugari bw'imitsi. Ariko, kwiyongera k'ubugari bw'imitsi bizagabanya imbaraga z'umutsi, bityo kwiyongera k'ubugari bw'imitsi muri rusange bikoreshwa mu gusudira ubushyuhe, bigatuma ingano y'imitsi ikoreshwa mu gusudira ubushyuhe irushaho kuba nini kandi idafite ubugari, cyane cyane ikwiriye gusudira amasahani yoroheje kandi manini. Ariko, imbaraga nke z'umutsi zituma ubushyuhe burushaho kwiyongera, kandi buri gikoresho gifite ubugari bwiza bw'imitsi butuma yinjira neza.
4, gusudira laser defocus ubusanzwe bisaba ingano runaka ya defocus, kuko focus ya laser iri hagati mu bucucike bw'ingufu z'ahantu iba iri hejuru cyane, byoroshye kuyihindura mu mwobo. Ikwirakwizwa ry'ubucucike bw'ingufu riba ringana muri buri gice kure y'aho laser focus iherereye. Hari uburyo bubiri bwo gusudira: gusudira neza no gusudira nabi. Niba urwego rw'ibanze ruri hejuru y'aho imikorere ibera, ni ugukuraho neza; bitabaye ibyo, ni ugukuraho neza. Dukurikije inyigisho ya geometrical optics, iyo intera iri hagati y'urwego rw'ibanze n'urwo hasi n'urwego rw'ibanze ingana, ubucucike bw'ingufu ku rwego rujyanye narwo buba buri kimwe, ariko imiterere nyayo ya pisine yo gusudira iratandukanye. Mu gihe cyo gusudira nabi, hashobora kuboneka uburyo bwinshi bwo kwinjira, bujyanye n'uburyo bwo gushinga pisine ishongeshejwe.
5, umuvuduko wo gusudira Umuvuduko wo gusudira ugena ubwiza bw'ubuso bwo gusudira, kwinjira, agace kagizweho ingaruka n'ubushyuhe, nibindi. Umuvuduko wo gusudira uzagira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bukoreshwa kuri buri gice. Iyo umuvuduko wo gusudira ugabanutse cyane, ubwinjiriro bw'ubushyuhe buba bunini cyane, bigatuma igikoresho cyo gusudira gishya. Iyo umuvuduko wo gusudira wihuta cyane, ubwinjiriro bw'ubushyuhe buba buto cyane, bigatuma igikoresho cyo gusudira kidasobanutse neza. Kugabanya umuvuduko wo gusudira bikunze gukoreshwa kugira ngo binoze kwinjira.
6, gazi irinda ikoreshwa mu gusudira ikoresheje laser ni ingenzi cyane mu gusudira ikoresheje laser ifite imbaraga nyinshi. Ku ruhande rumwe, ni ukugira ngo wirinde ko ibikoresho by'icyuma bivamo amazi cyangwa ngo byanduze indorerwamo ireba kure; Ku rundi ruhande, ni ukugira ngo plasma ikorwa mu gusudira ikomeze kwibanda cyane no kubuza laser kugera ku buso bw'ibikoresho. Mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, helium, argon, azote n'indi myuka ikunze gukoreshwa mu kurinda ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe, kugira ngo igikoresho kirindwe ogisijeni mu buhanga bwo gusudira. Ibintu nk'ubwoko bwa gazi irinda, ingano y'umwuka utembera n'inguni itera umwuka bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku musaruro wo gusudira. Uburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira nabwo bufite ingaruka ku bwiza bwo gusudira.
Heliyumu ntabwo ikora iyoni byoroshye (ifite ingufu nyinshi zo kuyibyazamo iyoni), bigatuma laser inyura neza kandi ingufu z'umuraba zikagera ku buso bw'ibikoresho nta nkomyi. Iyi ni yo gaze irinda cyane ikoreshwa mu gusudira laser, ariko igiciro kirahenze cyane. Argon irahendutse kandi irakomeye, bityo ifite uburinzi bwiza. Ariko, yoroshye kuyibyazamo iyoni binyuze mu bushyuhe bwinshi bwa plasma y'icyuma, bityo ikarinda igice cy'umuraba ku gice cy'ibikorwa, ikagabanya imbaraga za laser zo gusudira, ariko inangiza umuvuduko wo gusudira no kwinjira. Ubuso bw'ibikoresho birinzwe na argon burimo ubushyuhe bwinshi kurusha uburinzwe na heliyumu. Azote niyo ihendutse cyane nk'umwuka urinda, ariko ntabwo ikwiriye ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwo gusudira icyuma kitagira umugese, ahanini bitewe n'ibibazo by'ibyuma, nko kwinjiza, rimwe na rimwe bigatuma habaho imyenge mu gace k'imirongo.
Nk'ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo gusudira, gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bifite imiterere y'ingufu nyinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, ubushishozi bwinshi, kwinjira mu buryo bwimbitse no kwihuza neza. Ikoreshwa ryayo rirarushaho kuba rinini, rishobora kongera umusaruro, ndetse rinanongera ireme ry'ubusudi. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser rizagira uruhare runini mu bijyanye no gutunganya ibikoresho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-28-2023
