Kev vuam laser yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv cov thev naus laus zis ua laser, tab sis kuj yog cov thev naus laus zis vuam uas nyiam thiab muaj kev cia siab tshaj plaws hauv xyoo pua 21st. Piv nrog cov txheej txheem vuam ib txwm muaj, kev vuam laser muaj ntau qhov zoo, kev vuam zoo dua thiab kev ua haujlwm sai dua. Tam sim no, kev siv tshuab vuam laser tau siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom, hmoov metallurgy, kev lag luam tsheb, kev lag luam hluav taws xob, biomedicine thiab lwm yam teb.
Raws li txoj kev tsim ntawm lub pas dej vuam, laser vuam muaj ob txoj kev vuam yooj yim: kev vuam cua sov thiab kev vuam tob tob (qhov me me). Cov cua sov tsim los ntawm kev vuam cua sov yog diffused rau lub workpiece los ntawm kev hloov pauv cua sov, yog li ntawd qhov chaw ntawm lub vuam yog yaj, yeej tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim vaporization, uas feem ntau siv rau hauv kev vuam ntawm cov khoom siv phab ntsa nyias-ceev. Kev vuam sib sib zog nqus ua rau cov khoom siv vaporizes thiab tsim cov plasma ntau. Vim yog qhov kub loj, yuav muaj qhov nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm lub pas dej molten. Kev vuam tob tob tuaj yeem vuam lub workpiece kom huv si, thiab lub zog nkag yog loj, qhov ceev vuam yog ceev, yog hom laser vuam siv dav tshaj plaws.
Muaj ntau yam txheej txheem uas cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm laser vuam, xws li lub zog ceev, laser pulse waveform, defocus, vuam ceev thiab cov pa roj tshuab pab.
1. Lub zog laser ceev Lub zog ceev yog ib qho ntawm cov yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev ua laser. Nrog lub zog ceev siab dua, txheej saum npoo tuaj yeem raug cua sov mus rau qhov kub npau npau hauv lub sijhawm microsecond, tsim kom muaj ntau ntawm vaporization. Yog li ntawd, lub zog ceev siab yog qhov zoo heev rau kev tshem tawm cov khoom siv, xws li xuas nrig ntaus, txiav thiab engraving. Rau qhov ceev zog qis, nws siv sijhawm ob peb milliseconds rau qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw kom ncav cuag qhov kub npau npau, thiab ua ntej txheej saum npoo vaporizes, txheej hauv qab mus txog qhov kub yaj, uas yooj yim los tsim kev vuam fusion zoo. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev vuam laser cua sov, lub zog ceev yog 104-106W / cm2.
2. Lub zog laser pulse waveform
Lub zog laser pulse waveform tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom raug tshem tawm thiab cov khoom yaj, tab sis kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab qhov ntim thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv ua. Thaum lub teeb laser muaj zog heev mus rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom, qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom yuav muaj 60 ~ 90% ntawm lub zog laser reflection thiab poob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kub, nyiaj, tooj liab, txhuas, titanium thiab lwm yam khoom muaj zog reflection, thiab hloov pauv cua sov sai. Qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlau hloov pauv nrog lub sijhawm thaum lub teeb liab laser pulse. Thaum qhov kub ntawm cov khoom raug tsa mus rau qhov chaw yaj, qhov kev cuam tshuam txo qis sai, thiab thaum qhov chaw yaj, qhov kev cuam tshuam ruaj khov ntawm qee tus nqi.
3. Qhov dav ntawm lub pulse Qhov dav ntawm lub pulse yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev vuam laser pulsed. Qhov dav ntawm lub pulse tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tob ntawm kev nkag mus thiab thaj chaw cuam tshuam los ntawm cua sov. Qhov dav ntawm lub pulse ntev dua, qhov loj dua qhov chaw cuam tshuam los ntawm cua sov, thiab qhov tob ntawm kev nkag mus nce nrog 1/2 lub zog ntawm qhov dav ntawm lub pulse. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nce ntawm qhov dav ntawm lub pulse yuav txo qhov muaj zog siab tshaj plaws, yog li qhov nce ntawm qhov dav ntawm lub pulse feem ntau yog siv rau kev vuam cua sov, ua rau qhov loj me ntawm qhov vuam dav thiab ntiav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau kev vuam ntawm cov phaj nyias thiab tuab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov muaj zog siab tshaj plaws qis dua ua rau muaj cua sov ntau dhau, thiab txhua yam khoom muaj qhov dav ntawm lub pulse zoo tshaj plaws uas ua rau qhov nkag mus siab tshaj plaws.
4, feem ntau, defocus laser vuam yuav tsum muaj qee qhov defocus, vim tias qhov laser tsom mus rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw muaj zog ceev yog siab dhau, yooj yim rau evaporate mus rau hauv qhov. Kev faib tawm ntawm lub zog ceev yog sib npaug zos hauv txhua lub dav hlau deb ntawm qhov tsom mus rau laser. Muaj ob txoj kev defocusing: positive defocusing thiab negative defocusing. Yog tias lub dav hlau focal nyob saum toj ntawm qhov workpiece, nws yog positive defocusing; txwv tsis pub, nws yog negative defocusing. Raws li geometrical optics theory, thaum qhov deb ntawm qhov zoo thiab negative defocusing dav hlau thiab lub dav hlau vuam yog sib npaug, lub zog ceev ntawm lub dav hlau sib xws yog kwv yees li tib yam, tab sis qhov tseeb weld pas dej zoo li txawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm negative defocusing, ntau dua nkag mus tau, uas yog cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem tsim ntawm molten pas dej.
5, qhov ceev ntawm kev vuam Qhov ceev ntawm kev vuam txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw vuam, kev nkag mus, thaj chaw cuam tshuam los ntawm cua sov, thiab lwm yam. Qhov ceev ntawm kev vuam yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov cua sov nkag mus rau hauv ib lub sijhawm. Yog tias qhov ceev ntawm kev vuam qeeb dhau, qhov cua sov nkag mus loj dhau, ua rau cov khoom siv hlawv. Yog tias qhov ceev ntawm kev vuam ceev dhau, qhov cua sov nkag mus me dhau, ua rau cov khoom siv vuam tsis pom tseeb. Kev txo qhov ceev ntawm kev vuam feem ntau yog siv los txhim kho kev nkag mus.
6, cov pa roj tiv thaiv pab tiv thaiv yog ib qho txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev vuam laser siab. Ntawm ib sab tes, los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hlau los ntawm sputtering thiab ua rau lub iav tsom; Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws yog los tiv thaiv cov plasma tsim tawm hauv cov txheej txheem vuam los ntawm kev tsom ntau dhau thiab tiv thaiv lub laser los ntawm kev ncav cuag qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm laser vuam, helium, argon, nitrogen thiab lwm yam roj feem ntau siv los tiv thaiv lub pas dej molten, yog li ntawd cov khoom ua haujlwm tau tiv thaiv los ntawm oxidation hauv kev tsim kho vuam. Cov yam ntxwv xws li hom roj tiv thaiv, qhov loj ntawm cov cua ntws thiab lub kaum sab xis tshuab muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau qhov tshwm sim vuam. Cov txheej txheem sib txawv kuj muaj qee qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm vuam.
Helium tsis yooj yim ionize (nws muaj lub zog ionizing siab), tso cai rau lub laser hla mus zoo thiab lub zog beam mus txog qhov chaw ua haujlwm tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Qhov no yog cov roj tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws siv hauv laser vuam, tab sis tus nqi kim heev. Argon pheej yig dua thiab denser dua, yog li nws muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yooj yim ionized los ntawm cov hlau plasma kub siab, yog li tiv thaiv ib feem ntawm lub beam los ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, txo qhov laser zog ntawm kev vuam, tab sis kuj ua rau lub vuam ceev thiab nkag mus puas tsuaj. Cov nplaim ntawm cov welds tiv thaiv los ntawm argon yog du dua li cov uas tiv thaiv los ntawm helium. Nitrogen yog qhov pheej yig tshaj plaws ua cov roj tiv thaiv, tab sis nws tsis haum rau qee hom stainless hlau vuam, feem ntau yog vim muaj teeb meem metallurgical, xws li kev nqus, uas qee zaum tsim cov qhov hauv thaj tsam lap.
Ua ib lub tshuab vuam tshiab, laser vuam muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog ceev, kev kub ceev, kev raug siab, kev nkag mus tob thiab kev hloov pauv tau zoo. Nws daim ntawv thov ntau dua thiab ntau dua, uas tsis tsuas yog txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm, tab sis kuj txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam. Laser vuam tshuab yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua cov khoom siv.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Peb Hlis-28-2023
