Ngo-1960, usosayensi waseMelika uTheodore Maiman waphumelela ekukhiqizeni i-laser yokuqala emhlabeni i-laser – i-ruby laser. Ngo-1961, i-laser yokuqala ye-ruby yaseShayina yazalwa e-Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, i-Chinese Academy of Sciences. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-"Laser" ikhule yonke indlela ukuze yandise indawo yayo ensimini yesicelo futhi yaba amandla abalulekile ensimini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Imakethe ye-laser yezwe lethu lonke yaqala sekwephuzile futhi yabhekana noshintsho kusukela ekulandeleni kuya ekusebenzeni bese kuba sekufinyeleleni ekuholeni kwezinye izinkambu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba amabhizinisi asekhaya ephula ubuchwepheshe be-laser obuyinhloko, eqaphela ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwamadivayisi e-laser nama-core optical, futhi ekhuthaza ukwehla kwezindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa ezibonakalayo, amandla emishini ye-laser yasekhaya abonisa ukukhula okukhulu.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule yegolide, isilinganiso semboni ye-laser yaseShayina sikhuphuke ngokuphindwe kayi-10, kanti imakethe yesicelo se-laser yezimboni nayo ikhuphuke ngokuphindwe kayi-10. Kokubili amandla okukhiqiza kanye nesilinganiso semboni kusesigabeni sokukhula okusheshayo. Ngo-2020, imboni ye-laser yaseShayina yanqoba umthelela wempi yezohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, futhi yathola imali engenayo eyengeziwe naphezu kobunzima, yaba yizwe elinamandla kakhulu, eliguquguqukayo neliphephile kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni komnotho womhlaba. Ngo-2020, isilinganiso semakethe yemikhiqizo ye-laser yaseShayina sasiyi-yuan eyizigidigidi eziyi-106.5, sidlula uphawu lwezigidigidi zama-yuan okokuqala, ngokukhula konyaka nonyaka okungaba ngu-15.4%, futhi izinga lokukhula lalishesha kunelonyaka odlule. Unyaka ka-2020 ube unyaka obalulekile wokuguquka embonini ye-laser yaseShayina, futhi i-laser yaseShayina ingena kahle enkathini yesibili yegolide. Eminyakeni engama-20 ezayo, ngokwenziwa ngcono kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemvelo yamazwe ngamazwe, ukufika ngesikhathi kwezinqubomgomo zokusekela zasekhaya, ukukhula okusheshayo kwamabhizinisi e-laser, ukumbozwa okuphelele kokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-laser, ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile obubalulekile, kanye nokusungulwa kochungechunge oluphelele lwezimboni kanye neqoqo eliphelele lezimboni, iShayina kulindeleke ukuthi ibe yimboni ehamba phambili emhlabeni yamandla okukhiqiza ehlakaniphile e-laser, i-laser kanye ne-photoelectric ukuze kufinyelelwe inani lokukhipha elingu-trillion akuyona iphupho.
Isimo samazwe ngamazwe sihambisana nentuthuko yaseShayina. Eminyakeni emibili edlule, ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 kanye nokulungiswa kwezinqubomgomo zomnotho zakwamanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga amelwe yi-United States, amaphutha esakhiwo sezinye iziteshi zezimboni zasekhaya ezithembele emikhiqizweni eqediwe engenisiwe avezwe futhi abakhiqizi abaningi basekhaya babhekane nobunzima, okulethe umuzwa wenkinga kubakhiqizi abaningi basekhaya futhi kwathinta kakhulu isimo sezomnotho. Kodwa-ke, iziteshi zokuphakelwa kwamanye amazwe ziye zancipha, amabhizinisi amaningi ayekile ukukhiqizwa, futhi ukunikezwa kwezokwelapha kanye nezidingo zansuku zonke ngesikhathi esifanele kula mazwe kuncike ezinkingeni zesakhiwo. Iketanga lokuphakelwa lasekhaya lidlala indima ehlukile ngezinga elithile, okuletha ukwanda okwengeziwe embonini ye-laser, ikakhulukazi insimu yokucubungula i-laser.
Ubhubhane aluzange lushintshe iphethini yentuthuko yemboni ye-laser yaseShayina. Njengesikhungo sokukhiqiza somhlaba wonke, iShayina inesisekelo esiphelele se-industrial chain kanye nendawo yemakethe ebanzi. "Ukuhlanganisa izinsiza ukuze kufezwe izinto ezinkulu" kuyindlela ebalulekile yokubonakalisa izinzuzo zesistimu kahulumeni kanye nohlelo lokuphatha. Ngenkathi ilawula ubhubhane ngesikhathi esifanele, ngenkuthalo nangendlela ephumelelayo, iShayina ilungise ngenkuthalo ukwakheka, yavuselela isidingo sasekhaya, futhi yathuthukisa umnotho kancane kancane. Inani elikhulu lezimo ezintsha zokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-laser livele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokungqubuzana kwezohwebo, amaphuzu entela yokungenisa impahla ayanda, ngakho iShayina kufanele isheshise ukudluliselwa kwezingxenye ezibalulekile nemikhiqizo ebalulekile enezingozi zenqubomgomo ekukhiqizeni kwasekhaya, okuletha namathuba amaningi embonini ye-laser njengendlela yokukhiqiza ethuthukisiwe. Amabhizinisi amakhulu asekhaya aphendulele ukunaka kwawo emakethe yasekhaya, evuselela isidingo sasekhaya, ekhuthaza intuthuko yezimboni zasekhaya emikhakheni eyahlukene, esheshisa inqubo yokushintsha indawo, futhi ethuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokushintsha indawo.
Selokhu kwakhishwa uHlelo Lukazwelonke Lokuthuthukiswa Kwesayensi Nobuchwepheshe Besikhathi Esimaphakathi Neside (2006-2020) ngo-2006 futhi ubuchwepheshe be-laser babalwa njengobuchwepheshe obuphambili bokuthuthukiswa kwentuthuko ebalulekile yezwe okokuqala, izinqubomgomo ezisekela ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-laser ziye zethulwa kancane kancane. Isibonelo, imibhalo yenqubomgomo ebalulekile efana "noHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lwe-12 Lokuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni Ezisafufusa Zesu Kazwelonke" ngo-2012, Uhlelo Olukhethekile "loHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lwe-13" Lokusungula Izinto Ezintsha Kwezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe Emkhakheni Wobuchwepheshe Obuthuthukisiwe ngo-2017, kanye "noHlelo Lokusebenza Lokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yezingxenye Eziyisisekelo Ze-elekthronikhi (2021-2023)" ngo-2021 konke kunikeza ukwesekwa okubalulekile kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko yezimboni yemboni ye-laser. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izifundazwe namadolobha ahlukahlukene asebenzise ngendlela eqondile ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-laser.
Isidingo semakethe sihola intuthuko yemboni ye-laser Ochungechungeni lwamanje lukazwelonke lwenqubo yokulungiswa kwesakhiwo sezimboni kanye nokuguqulwa, imboni ye-laser inamathemba emakethe abanzi. I-China yiyona kuphela izwe emhlabeni enazo zonke izigaba zezimboni ezingu-41, izigaba eziphakathi ezingu-191 kanye nezigaba ezincane ezingu-525 zemboni. Ingakhiqiza yonke imikhiqizo yezimboni kusukela ezingutsheni, izicathulo kanye namasokisi kuya ezindiza, kusukela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa kanye namaminerali kuya emishinini yezimboni. Isisekelo sethu semboni yokukhiqiza sinochungechunge oluqinile, lwezimboni oluphelele. Ukukhiqiza kwakha ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ze-GDP yase-China ngo-2019. "Isakhiwo esibi" sinikeza ithuba lemakethe lokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-laser yase-China. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izwe lethu linochungechunge oluqinile lwemboni yokukhiqiza, futhi linomnotho omusha we-inthanethi omelelwe yi-Shenzhen. Isikhala esikhulu semboni ye-OEM kanye nesidingo sokucubungula i-laser kwenza izwe lethu libe yimakethe enkulu kunazo zonke yesicelo se-laser emhlabeni. Njengamanje, ingxenye yesicelo se-laser embonini yokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi imboni yokukhiqiza imishini, iphansi, ingu-30% kuphela. Ingxenye yokusetshenziswa kwe-laser embonini yokukhiqiza imishini e-United States, eJapane naseJalimane yonke idlula u-40%, phakathi kwayo iJalimane iphakeme ngamaphesenti angu-46, amaphuzu angu-16 amaphesenti aphezulu kuneShayina. Ngakho-ke isikhala sokusetshenziswa sikhulu, sizokhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwe-laser. Njengamanje, imishini yokucubungula i-laser idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zendabuko. Iqembu lamabhizinisi emishini yokucubungula i-laser lithembele kubuchwepheshe bokucubungula obusha kanye nekhwalithi yemishini enhle kakhulu ukuthola ama-oda anele okukhula ngokushesha emakethe yamandla amasha namadala okushayela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinkampani zokukhiqiza ziye zanambitha ubumnandi bokuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa, azisaneliseki ngokuhlanganiswa okuqondile kwasekhaya, futhi zihlola ngenkuthalo ukuthengwa kwezinsizakusebenza zebhizinisi le-laser zakwamanye amazwe ezisezingeni eliphezulu, futhi zihlela ukungena emkhakheni wokucubungula ngokunemba. Eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, isiteshi sokucubungula i-laser besilokhu siyi-antenna ebalulekile yamabhizinisi emishini ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezinde. Ngokuthuthukisa izinsizakalo zesikhundla, singahlangabezana nezidingo zokucubungula ezahlukahlukene ngesikhathi esifanele futhi sithuthukise i-viscosity yamakhasimende. Namuhla, imishini emikhulu eminingi enezici eziningi iye yathuthukiswa futhi yasetshenziswa kwezokuthutha ngesitimela, ezindiza, ekwakheni imikhumbi nakwezinye izimboni. Kulindeleke ukuthi kusukela ngo-2020, zonke izinhlobo zamapulatifomu okukhiqiza amafu asekelwe kwi-inthanethi yezimboni zizokhipha kancane kancane inani lazo, iziteshi zokucubungula i-laser zizodlala indima enkulu ngaphansi kokusekelwa kwamapulatifomu okukhiqiza amafu, kanye "neBelt and Road" ziye eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, eNingizimu Melika nakwezinye izifunda. Njengamanje, umhlaba ungena kancane kancane enkathini ye-5G. Ngokuqaliswa okuqhubekayo kwamafoni eselula e-5G kanye nemikhiqizo emisha egqokwayo ehlakaniphile, izindleko ezinkulu zamakhasimende embonini yama-elekthronikhi yabathengi zikhuphuke kakhulu, futhi intuthuko yemboni isheshise kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kokucubungula i-laser kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela embonini yama-elekthronikhi yabathengi kuye kwanda kakhulu. Imboni yama-laser ifinyelele ukukhula okusheshayo ekucubungulweni kwezinto ezibuthakathaka, ukushiswa kwezinto ezikhethekile, ukucubungula i-PCB kanye neminye imikhakha ekhethekile. Izimo ezintsha zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nesidingo semishini yokucubungula esilethwe ubuchwepheshe be-5G kulethe amathuba amakhulu ebhizinisi kubahlinzeki bemishini ye-laser. Eminyakeni engama-20 ezayo, imboni yama-laser izothola intuthuko esheshayo futhi iqonde ngqo enanini lokukhipha elingu-trillion.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-17-2023
