Mu 1960, wasayansi waku America Theodore Maiman adapanga bwino laser yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi - ruby laser. Mu 1961, laser yoyamba ya ruby ku China idabadwa ku Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Kuyambira pamenepo, "Laser" yakula kwambiri mpaka kukulitsa gawo lake pantchito yogwiritsira ntchito ndikukhala mphamvu yofunika kwambiri pantchito yapamwamba. Msika wa laser mdziko lathu lonse unayamba mochedwa ndipo unasintha kuyambira kutsatira mpaka kuthamanga kenako kufika pakupeza utsogoleri m'magawo ena. Komabe, pamene mabizinesi akunyumba akudutsa muukadaulo wa laser, kuzindikira kupanga kwakukulu kwa laser ndi zida zowunikira, ndikulimbikitsa kuchepetsa mtengo wa zinthu zopangira kuwala, mphamvu ya zida za laser zakunyumba ikuwonetsa kukula kwakukulu.
M'zaka khumi zapitazi, kukula kwa makampani opanga laser ku China kwawonjezeka ndi nthawi zoposa 10, ndipo msika wogwiritsa ntchito laser m'mafakitale nawonso wawonjezeka ndi nthawi zoposa 10. Mphamvu zopangira komanso kukula kwa makampani onse zili mu gawo la kukula mwachangu. Mu 2020, makampani opanga laser ku China adagonjetsa zotsatira za nkhondo yamalonda yapadziko lonse komanso mliri wa COVID-19, ndipo adapeza ndalama zowonjezera ngakhale kuti panali mavuto, kukhala dziko lamphamvu kwambiri, losinthasintha komanso lotetezeka kwambiri pakukula kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2020, kukula kwa msika wa zinthu zopangira laser ku China kunali 106.5 biliyoni ya yuan, kudutsa mu yuan mabiliyoni ambiri koyamba, ndi kukula kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa pafupifupi 15.4%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kukula kunali kofulumira kuposa chaka chatha. Chaka cha 2020 chakhala chaka chosinthira kwambiri makampani opanga laser ku China, ndipo laser ya ku China yalowa bwino munthawi yachiwiri yagolide. M'zaka 20 zikubwerazi, ndi kukonza ndi kukonza chilengedwe chapadziko lonse lapansi, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mfundo zothandizira zapakhomo panthawi yake, kukula mwachangu kwa mabizinesi a laser, kufalikira kwathunthu kwa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa laser, kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wofunikira, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa unyolo wathunthu wamafakitale ndi gulu lonse la mafakitale, China ikuyembekezeka kukhala makampani otsogola padziko lonse opanga mphamvu zamagetsi, laser ndi photoelectric kuti akwaniritse phindu la trilioni si maloto.
Chilengedwe chapadziko lonse lapansi chikuthandizira chitukuko cha China. M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, chifukwa cha mliri wa COVID-19 komanso kusintha kwa mfundo zachuma zakunja za mayiko akumadzulo omwe akuimiridwa ndi United States, zolakwika za kapangidwe ka maukonde ena amakampani am'nyumba omwe amadalira zinthu zomalizidwa zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja zawonekera ndipo opanga ambiri am'nyumba akumana ndi zovuta, zomwe zabweretsa vuto kwa opanga ambiri am'nyumba ndipo zakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe chachuma. Komabe, maukonde ogulitsa akunja achepa, mabizinesi ambiri ayimitsa kupanga, ndipo kupereka zinthu zamankhwala ndi zofunikira tsiku ndi tsiku panthawi yake m'maiko awa kukukumana ndi zoletsa za kapangidwe kake. Unyolo wogulitsa m'nyumba umagwira ntchito ina pamlingo wina, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwina kwa makampani opanga laser, makamaka gawo lopangira laser.
Mliriwu sunasinthe momwe makampani opanga laser aku China amapangira zinthu. Monga malo opangira zinthu padziko lonse lapansi, China ili ndi maziko athunthu a unyolo wa mafakitale komanso malo amsika ambiri. "Kuphatikiza zinthu kuti zikwaniritse zinthu zazikulu" ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yowonetsera ubwino wa dongosolo la boma ndi kayendetsedwe kake. Ngakhale kuti ikulamulira mliriwu pa nthawi yake, mwachangu komanso moyenera, China yasintha kapangidwe kake, yalimbikitsa kufunikira kwa dziko, komanso yakulitsa chuma pang'onopang'ono. Zinthu zambiri zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo wa laser zawonekera. Kumbali ina, chifukwa cha kusamvana kwa malonda, misonkho yochokera kunja imawonjezeka, kotero kuti China iyenera kufulumizitsa kusamutsa zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zili ndi zoopsa zandale kuzinthu zopangira zinthu zapakhomo, zomwe zimabweretsanso mwayi wambiri kumakampani opanga laser ngati njira yapamwamba yopangira zinthu. Makampani akuluakulu akunyumba ayang'ana kwambiri msika wakunyumba, akulimbikitsa kufunikira kwa dziko, akulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale akunyumba m'magawo osiyanasiyana, akufulumizitsa njira yosinthira malo, ndikukweza kwambiri mtundu wa kusintha.
Kuyambira pomwe Ndondomeko ya Pulogalamu Yadziko Lonse ya Chitukuko cha Sayansi ndi Ukadaulo wa Pakati ndi Wautali (2006-2020) idatulutsidwa mu 2006 ndipo ukadaulo wa laser udalembedwa ngati ukadaulo wamalire pakukweza chitukuko chofunikira cha dzikolo koyamba, mfundo zothandizira chitukuko cha makampani opanga laser zayambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, zikalata zofunika kwambiri monga "Ndondomeko ya Zaka Zisanu ya 12 Yopanga Makampani Omwe Akukula Mwachangu" mu 2012, Ndondomeko Yapadera ya "Ndondomeko ya Zaka Zisanu ya 13" Yopanga Zinthu Zatsopano mu Gawo la Ukadaulo Wopanga Zinthu Wapamwamba mu 2017, ndi "Ndondomeko Yogwirira Ntchito Yopanga Zinthu Zamagetsi Zoyambira (2021-2023)" mu 2021 zonse zimapereka chithandizo chofunikira pakupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale a makampani opanga laser. M'zaka zaposachedwa, zigawo ndi mizinda yosiyanasiyana yakhazikitsa njira zolimbikitsira chitukuko cha laser.
Kufunika kwa msika kukutsogolera pakukula kwa makampani opanga laser. Mu mndandanda wamakono wa kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mafakitale, makampani opanga laser ali ndi mwayi waukulu pamsika. China ndi dziko lokhalo padziko lonse lapansi lomwe lili ndi magulu onse 41 a mafakitale, magulu apakati 191 ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono 525 amakampani. Imatha kupanga zinthu zonse zamakampani kuyambira zovala, nsapato ndi masokosi mpaka ndege, kuyambira zipangizo zopangira ndi mchere mpaka makina amakampani. Makampani athu opanga zinthu ali ndi unyolo wolimba, wa mafakitale watha. Kupanga zinthu kunali kopitilira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a GDP ya China mu 2019. "Kapangidwe koyipa" kamapereka mwayi wamsika pakukula kwa makampani opanga laser aku China. Nthawi yomweyo, dziko lathu lili ndi unyolo wolimba wamakampani opanga zinthu, komanso lili ndi chuma chatsopano cha intaneti chomwe chikuyimiridwa ndi Shenzhen. Malo akuluakulu amakampani opanga zinthu za OEM komanso kufunika kwa kukonza laser kumapangitsa dziko lathu kukhala msika waukulu kwambiri wamakina opangira laser padziko lonse lapansi. Pakadali pano, gawo la makina opangira zinthu za laser, makamaka makampani opanga zida, ndi lotsika, 30% yokha. Gawo la kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa laser m'makampani opanga zida ku United States, Japan ndi Germany lonse limaposa 40%, pomwe Germany ndi yokwera kufika pa 46%, ndi maperesenti 16 kuposa China. Chifukwa chake malo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi akulu, athandizira kukula kwachangu kwa laser. Pakadali pano, zida zopangira laser zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukweza mafakitale achikhalidwe. Gulu la makampani opanga zida zopangira laser limadalira ukadaulo watsopano wopangira komanso khalidwe labwino la zida kuti apeze maoda okwanira kuti akule mwachangu pamsika wamagetsi atsopano ndi akale. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani ena opanga alawa kukoma kwa kukweza ndi chitukuko, sakukhutiranso ndi kuphatikiza kwamkati kwapakhomo, ndipo amafufuza mwachangu kupeza zinthu zamakampani apamwamba a laser ochokera kumayiko ena, ndipo akukonzekera kulowa m'munda wopangira molondola. M'zaka 10 zapitazi, malo opangira laser akhala antenna yofunika kwambiri kwa makampani opanga zida kuti apereke ntchito zowonjezera. Kudzera mukupanga ntchito zoyang'anira malo, imatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito panthawi yake ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala kwa makasitomala. Masiku ano, zida zazikulu zambirimbiri zapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa sitima, ndege, zomangamanga ndi mafakitale ena. Zikuyembekezeka kuti kuyambira mu 2020, mitundu yonse ya nsanja zopangira mitambo zochokera pa intaneti ya mafakitale zidzatulutsa pang'onopang'ono phindu lawo, malo opangira laser azigwira ntchito yayikulu mothandizidwa ndi nsanja zopangira mitambo, komanso m'mphepete mwa "Belt and Road" kupita ku Southeast Asia, Middle East, South America ndi madera ena. Pakadali pano, dziko lapansi likulowa pang'onopang'ono mu nthawi ya 5G. Ndi kuyambitsidwa kosalekeza kwa mafoni a m'manja a 5G ndi zinthu zatsopano zogwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru, ndalama zomwe makasitomala amagwiritsa ntchito mumakampani opanga zamagetsi zawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo chitukuko cha makampaniwa chawonjezeka kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira laser ndi automation mumakampani opanga zamagetsi kwakhala kukukulirakulira. Makampani opanga laser afika pakukula mwachangu mu kukonza zinthu zofooka, kuwotcherera zinthu zapadera, kukonza PCB ndi madera ena apadera. Zochitika zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito ndi kufunikira kwa zida zopangira zomwe zabweretsedwa ndi ukadaulo wa 5G zabweretsa mwayi waukulu wamabizinesi kwa opereka zida za laser. M'zaka 20 zikubwerazi, makampani opanga laser apeza chitukuko mwachangu ndipo apita mwachindunji ku phindu la trilioni imodzi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Mar-17-2023
