I te tau 1960, i angitu te hanga a te kaipūtaiao Amerikana a Theodore Maiman i te rēhia tuatahi o te ao – te rēhia rūpī. I te tau 1961, i whānau te rēhia rūpī tuatahi o Haina i te Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Mai i taua wā, kua tipu haere te "Rēhia" ki te whakawhānui ake i tōna rohe i roto i te mara tono, ā, kua noho hei kaha nui i roto i te mara hangarau teitei. I tīmata te mākete rēhia o tō tātou whenua whānui i te mutunga o te wā, ā, i pāngia e te huringa mai i te whai ki te oma, kātahi ki te whakatutukitanga i te arataki i roto i ētahi mara. Heoi, i te mea kua pakaru ngā umanga ā-rohe i roto i te hangarau rēhia matua, kua whakatinanahia te hanga rēhia me ngā taputapu whatu matua i te tauine nui, me te whakatairanga i te whakaiti i te utu o ngā rauemi mata whatu, ka kitea te tipu tere o te kaha o ngā taputapu rēhia ā-rohe.
I roto i ngā tau koura tekau kua pahure ake nei, kua piki ake te tauine o te umanga reihi o Haina neke atu i te 10 ngā wā, ā, kua piki ake hoki te mākete tono reihi ahumahi neke atu i te 10 ngā wā. Kei roto i te wā tere tipu te kaha whakaputa me te tauine ahumahi. I te tau 2020, i wikitoria te umanga reihi o Haina i te pānga o te pakanga hokohoko o te ao me te mate urutā COVID-19, ā, i eke ki te pikinga o te moni whiwhi ahakoa ngā raruraru, ā, koia te whenua tino kaha, tino hihiri me te tino haumaru i roto i te whanaketanga ōhanga o te ao. I te tau 2020, ko te tauine mākete o ngā hua reihi Hainamana he 106.5 piriona yuan, i pakaru i te tohu piriona yuan mō te wā tuatahi, me te tipu tau-ki-te-tau tata ki te 15.4%, ā, he tere ake te tere tipu i tērā o te tau o mua. Kua riro te tau 2020 hei tau hurihanga nui mō te umanga reihi o Haina, ā, ka uru maeneene te reihi o Haina ki te wā koura tuarua. I roto i ngā tau 20 e whai ake nei, me te arotau me te whakapai ake i te taiao o te ao, te taunga wā o ngā kaupapa here tautoko ā-rohe, te tipu tere o ngā umanga reihi, te kapinga whānui o te tono hangarau reihi, te pakarutanga tonu o ngā hangarau matua noa, me te whakatūnga o tētahi mekameka ahumahi katoa me tētahi rōpū ahumahi katoa, e matapaetia ana ko Haina te mana hanga reihi atamai matua o te ao, te reihi me te ahumahi whakaahua hiko, ehara i te moemoeā.
He pai te taiao o te ao mō te whanaketanga o Haina. I ngā tau e rua kua pahure ake nei, nā te mate urutā COVID-19 me te whakarerekētanga o ngā kaupapa here ōhanga o tāwāhi o ngā whenua o te Hauāuru e tohuhia ana e te Hononga o Amerika, kua hurahia ngā hapa hanganga o ētahi mekameka ahumahi ā-rohe e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā hua kua kawemaihia mai, ā, he maha ngā kaihanga ā-rohe kua pāngia e ngā uauatanga, kua puta he āhua raruraru ki te maha o ngā kaihanga ā-rohe, ā, he nui te pānga ki te taiao ōhanga whānui. Heoi, kua heke ngā mekameka tuku taonga o tāwāhi, kua mutu te hanga o ngā umanga maha, ā, ko te tuku tika i ngā taonga hauora me ngā mea e hiahiatia ana i ia rā i roto i ēnei whenua kei raro i ngā here hanganga. He mahi rerekē tā te mekameka tuku taonga ā-rohe ki tētahi taumata, e hua ake ai he pikinga ake ki te ahumahi reihi, inā koa te mara tukatuka reihi.
Kāore te mate urutā i whakarerekē i te tauira whanaketanga o te umanga reera o Haina. Hei pokapū hanga ao, he tino whānui te turanga mekameka ahumahi o Haina, ā, he whānui hoki te wāhi mākete. Ko te "whakakotahi rauemi hei whakatutuki i ngā mea nunui" he whakaaturanga nui o ngā painga o te pūnaha kāwanatanga me te pūnaha whakahaere. Ahakoa te whakahaere i te mate urutā i te wā tika, i te kaha me te whai hua, kua whakatikatika kaha a Haina i te tahora, kua whakaoho i te tono ā-rohe, ā, kua whanake haere tonu te ōhanga. He maha ngā āhuatanga tono hou o te hangarau reera kua puta. I tētahi atu taha, nā te taupatupatu hokohoko, ka piki ake ngā tohu taake kawemai, nō reira me tere ake te whakawhiti a Haina i ngā wāhanga matua me ngā hua matua me ngā mōrearea kaupapa here ki te hanga ā-rohe, e kawe mai ana hoki i ngā whai wāhitanga ki te umanga reera hei tikanga hanga matatau. Kua tahuri te aro o ngā umanga nui ā-rohe ki te mākete ā-rohe, e whakaoho ana i te tono ā-rohe, e whakatairanga ana i te whanaketanga o ngā ahumahi ā-rohe i roto i ngā mara rerekē, e whakateretere ana i te tukanga whakakapinga ā-rohe, me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te whakakapinga.
Mai i te wā i whakaputaina ai te Whakatakotoranga o te Kaupapa ā-Motu mō te Whanaketanga Pūtaiao me te Hangarau mō te Wā Waenga me te Wā Roa (2006-2020) i te tau 2006, ā, i whakarārangihia te hangarau reihi hei hangarau rohe mō te whanaketanga o te whanaketanga matua o te whenua mō te wā tuatahi, kua whakaurua haeretia ngā kaupapa here e tautoko ana i te whanaketanga o te umanga reihi. Hei tauira, ko ngā tuhinga kaupapa here matua pēnei i te "Mahere Tau Rima 12 mō te Whakawhanaketanga o ngā Ahumahi Rautaki Hou ā-Motu" i te tau 2012, te Mahere Motuhake "Mahere Tau Rima 13" mō te Auahatanga Pūtaiao me te Hangarau i te Marae o te Hangarau Hanga Matatau i te tau 2017, me te "Mahere Mahi mō te Whakawhanaketanga o te Ahumahi Waenga Hiko Taketake (2021-2023)" i te tau 2021, he tautoko nui katoa ēnei mō te ahunga whakamua hangarau me te whanaketanga ahumahi o te umanga reihi. I ngā tau tata nei, kua whakatinanahia e ngā kawanatanga me ngā tāone maha ngā kaupapa here hei whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o te reihi.
Ko te hiahia o te mākete te pūtake o te whanaketanga o te umanga rēseri. I roto i te raupapa ā-motu o nāianei o te tukanga whakarerekētanga me te whakawhiti hanganga ahumahi, he whānui ngā tūmanakohanga mākete o te umanga rēseri. Ko Haina anake te whenua o te ao kei a ia ngā kāwai ahumahi 41 katoa, ngā kāwai waenga 191 me ngā kāwai iti 525 o te ahumahi. Ka taea e ia te whakaputa i ngā hua ahumahi katoa mai i ngā kākahu, ngā hu me ngā tōkena ki te rererangi, mai i ngā rauemi mata me ngā kohuke ki ngā mīhini ahumahi. He kaha te turanga o tā mātou umanga hanga, kua oti te mekameka ahumahi. Neke atu i te kotahi hautoru o te GDP o Haina i te tau 2019 i ahu mai i te hanga. Ko te "hanganga ngoikore" e tuku ana i te whai wāhitanga mākete mō te whanaketanga o te umanga rēseri Hainamana. I taua wā anō, he mekameka ahumahi hanga kaha tō mātou whenua, ā, kei a Shenzhen anō hoki te ōhanga hou Ipurangi. Ko te wāhi nui o te umanga OEM me te hiahia mō te tukatuka rēseri ka meinga tō mātou whenua hei mākete tono rēseri nui rawa atu o te ao. I tēnei wā, he iti te ōwehenga o te tono rēseri i roto i te umanga hanga, inā koa te umanga hanga taputapu, 30% noa iho. Ko te ōwehenga o te whakamahinga o te rēseri i roto i te umanga hanga taputapu i te Hononga o Amerika, i Hapani me Tiamana katoa e neke atu ana i te 40%, ā, ko Tiamana te 46%, 16 ōrau teitei ake i Haina. Nō reira, he nui te wāhi tono, ka whakatairanga i te whanaketanga tere o te rēseri. I tēnei wā, he mahi nui tā ngā taputapu tukatuka rēseri ki te whakatairanga i te whakapai ake i ngā ahumahi tuku iho. He rōpū o ngā umanga taputapu tukatuka rēseri e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hangarau tukatuka auaha me te kounga taputapu pai rawa atu hei kimi i ngā ota e ranea ana hei tipu tere i roto i te mākete o ngā mana taraiwa hou me ngā mea tawhito. Hei tāpiri, kua reka ētahi kamupene hanga i te reka o te whakapai ake me te whanaketanga, kāore i te makona ki te whakaurunga poutū ā-rohe, ā, kei te kaha te tūhura i te hoko rauemi umanga rēseri kounga teitei whakawhiti-rohe, ā, kei te whakamahere ki te tomo ki te mara o te tukatuka tika. I roto i ngā tau 10 kua pahure ake nei, he pūihi nui te teihana tukatuka rēseri mō ngā umanga taputapu hei whakarato ratonga roa. Mā te whakawhanaketanga o ngā ratonga tūnga, ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia tukatuka me te whakarei ake i te matotoru o te kiritaki. I ēnei rā, kua nui haere te whanaketanga o ngā taputapu tauine nui maha-mahi kua whakamahia ki te kawe tereina, te rererangi, te hanga kaipuke me ētahi atu ahumahi. E matapaetia ana mai i te tau 2020, ka tukuna mārire e ngā momo tūāpapa hanga kapua katoa e hangai ana ki te Ipurangi ahumahi ō rātou uara, ka nui ake te tūranga o ngā teihana tukatuka reiti i raro i te tautoko a ngā tūāpapa hanga kapua, ā, i te taha o te "Whetu me te Huarahi" ki Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti, te Waenganui Rawhiti, Amerika ki te Tonga me ētahi atu rohe. I tēnei wā, kei te tomo mārire te ao ki te ao 5G. Nā te whakarewatanga tonu o ngā waea pūkoro 5G me ngā hua hou hei mau, kua tino piki ake te whakapaunga whakapaipai a ngā kiritaki i roto i te umanga hiko kaihoko, ā, kua tere haere te whanaketanga o te umanga. Kua hohonu haere te tono o te tukatuka reiti me te aunoatanga i roto i te umanga hiko kaihoko. Kua tere te tipu o te umanga reiti i roto i te tukatuka rauemi pakarukaru, te whakarewa rauemi motuhake, te tukatuka PCB me ētahi atu mara motuhake. Nā ngā horopaki tono hou me te tono taputapu tukatuka i kawea mai e te hangarau 5G kua kawea mai he whai wāhitanga pakihi nui mō ngā kaiwhakarato taputapu reiti. I roto i ngā tau 20 e whai ake nei, ka tere te whanaketanga o te umanga reiti, ā, ka eke tika ki te uara putanga kotahi tiriona.
Wā tuku: Maehe-17-2023
