Mu 1960, umuhanga mu bya siyansi w’Umunyamerika Theodore Maiman yakoze neza laser ya mbere ku isi - laser ya rubi. Mu 1961, laser ya mbere y’Ubushinwa ya rubi yavukiye mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi bw’Itara n’Ubukanishi Bwiza rya Changchun, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi ry’Abashinwa. Kuva icyo gihe, "Laser" yakuze cyane kugeza ubwo yaguriye ubutaka bwayo mu rwego rwo kuyikoresha no kuba imbaraga zikomeye mu rwego rw’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Isoko rya laser ry’igihugu cyacu muri rusange ryatangiye nyuma y’igihe gito kandi ryagize impinduka kuva ku gukurikira kugeza ku gukora hanyuma kugeza ku kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu nzego zimwe na zimwe. Ariko, uko ibigo by’imbere mu gihugu bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya laser, bigakoresha uburyo bwagutse bwo gukora laser n’ibikoresho by’ibanze, kandi bigateza imbere kugabanya ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho by’ibanze, ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho by’ibanze bya laser bugaragaza iterambere rikomeye.
Mu myaka icumi ishize y’izahabu, igipimo cy’inganda zikora laser mu Bushinwa cyiyongereyeho inshuro zirenga 10, kandi isoko ry’inganda zikoresha laser naryo ryiyongereyeho inshuro zirenga 10. Ubushobozi bw’umusaruro n’urwego rw’inganda biri mu cyiciro cy’iterambere ryihuse. Mu 2020, inganda zikora laser mu Bushinwa zatsinze ingaruka z’intambara mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi n’icyorezo cya COVID-19, kandi zinjiza amafaranga menshi nubwo hari ibibazo, biba igihugu gikomeye, gihora gihinduka kandi gitekanye mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’isi. Mu 2020, igipimo cy’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa bya laser mu Bushinwa cyari miliyari 106.5 z’amayuani, kirenga ku kigereranyo cya miliyari za yuani ku nshuro ya mbere, aho izamuka ry’umwaka rigera kuri 15.4%, kandi igipimo cy’iterambere cyari cyihuta kurusha umwaka ushize. Umwaka wa 2020 wabaye umwaka w’impinduka zikomeye ku nganda zikora laser mu Bushinwa, kandi laser yo mu Bushinwa yinjiye mu gihe cya kabiri cy’izahabu. Mu myaka 20 iri imbere, hamwe no kunoza no kunoza ibidukikije mpuzamahanga, gushyiraho politiki zo gushyigikira imbere mu gihugu ku gihe, iterambere ryihuse ry’ibigo bya laser, uburyo bwose bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya laser, iterambere rihoraho ry’ikoranabuhanga rihuriweho, ndetse no gushyiraho uruhererekane rw’inganda n’itsinda ry’inganda, biteganijwe ko Ubushinwa buzaza imbere ku isi mu nganda zikora ingufu za laser, laser na photoelectric kugira ngo bugere ku gaciro ka tiriyari si inzozi.
Ibidukikije mpuzamahanga bifasha Ubushinwa mu iterambere. Mu myaka ibiri ishize, bitewe n’icyorezo cya COVID-19 no kuvugurura politiki y’ubukungu bw’amahanga mu bihugu by’Iburengerazuba bihagarariwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, inenge z’imiterere y’inganda zimwe na zimwe zo mu gihugu zishingira ku bicuruzwa byarangiye bivanywe mu mahanga zagaragaye kandi inganda nyinshi zo mu gihugu zahuye n’ingorane, ibyo bikaba byarateje ikibazo ku nganda nyinshi zo mu gihugu kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu rusange. Ariko, inganda nyinshi zagabanutse, ibigo byinshi byahagaritse umusaruro, kandi gutanga ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi n’ibikenerwa buri munsi muri ibi bihugu ku gihe bigengwa n’imbogamizi z’imiterere. Uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu rugira uruhare runini, ibyo bikaba byongera ubwiyongere bw’inganda za laser, cyane cyane urusobe rw’ibicuruzwa bya laser.
Icyorezo nticyahinduye imiterere y’iterambere ry’inganda za laser mu Bushinwa. Nk’ikigo cy’inganda ku isi, Ubushinwa bufite ishingiro ryuzuye ry’inganda n’isoko rigari. "Guhuriza hamwe umutungo kugira ngo ugere ku bintu binini" ni ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi cy’inyungu za sisitemu ya leta n’ubuyobozi. Nubwo icyorezo cyagenzuwe ku gihe, mu buryo bufatika kandi bunoze, Ubushinwa bwahinduye imiterere yacyo, bwashishikarije abaturage gukenera ibikoresho by’imbere mu gihugu, kandi butera imbere ubukungu buhoro buhoro. Hari uburyo bwinshi bushya bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya laser. Ku rundi ruhande, bitewe n’ibibazo by’ubucuruzi, imisoro y’ibitumizwa mu mahanga iriyongera, ku buryo Ubushinwa bugomba kwihutisha kohereza ibice by’ingenzi n’ibicuruzwa by’ingenzi bifite ingaruka za politiki ku nganda zo mu gihugu, ibyo bikaba binazana amahirwe menshi ku nganda za laser nk’uburyo bugezweho bwo gukora. Ibigo bikomeye byo mu gihugu byerekeje ibitekerezo byabyo ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu, bishishikariza abaturage gukenera ibikoresho by’imbere mu gihugu, biteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda zo mu gihugu mu nzego zitandukanye, byihutisha inzira yo gusimbuza ibikoresho by’imbere mu gihugu, kandi binoza cyane ireme ry’ibikoresho by’inyongera.
Kuva Incamake ya Gahunda y'Igihugu y'Iterambere ry'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga ry'Igihe Giciriritse n'Ikirekire (2006-2020) yasohorwa mu 2006 kandi ikoranabuhanga rya laser rishyirwa ku rutonde rw'ikoranabuhanga ryo guteza imbere iterambere ry'ingenzi ry'igihugu ku nshuro ya mbere, politiki zishyigikira iterambere ry'inganda za laser zagiye zishyirwaho buhoro buhoro. Urugero, inyandiko z'ingenzi za politiki nka "Gahunda ya 12 y'Imyaka Itanu yo Guteza Imbere Inganda z'Igihugu Ziri mu Ngamba Ziri Kuzamuka" mu 2012, "Gahunda ya 13 y'Imyaka Itanu" Idasanzwe y'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rw'Ikoranabuhanga Rigezweho mu 2017, na "Gahunda y'Ibikorwa yo Guteza Imbere Inganda z'Ibintu by'Ibanze bya Electronic (2021-2023)" mu 2021 byose bitanga inkunga y'ingenzi mu iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'iterambere ry'inganda za laser. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, intara n'imijyi bitandukanye byashyizeho uburyo bwo guteza imbere iterambere rya laser.
Ubusabe bw'isoko buyobora iterambere ry'inganda za laser. Mu ruhererekane rw'igihugu rw'uburyo bwo kuvugurura imiterere y'inganda no guhindura imiterere yazo, inganda za laser zifite amahirwe menshi yo ku isoko. Ubushinwa ni cyo gihugu cyonyine ku isi gifite ibyiciro 41 by'inganda, ibyiciro 191 byo hagati n'ibyiciro 525 by'inganda nto. Bushobora gukora ibicuruzwa byose by'inganda kuva ku myenda, inkweto n'amasogisi kugeza ku by'indege, kuva ku bikoresho fatizo n'amabuye y'agaciro kugeza ku mashini z'inganda. Inganda zacu zikora ibintu byinshi zifite uruhererekane rukomeye rw'inganda. Inganda zagize uruhare rurenga kimwe cya gatatu cy'umusaruro rusange w'igihugu cy'Ubushinwa mu 2019. "Imiterere mibi" itanga amahirwe ku isoko ryo guteza imbere inganda za laser z'Abashinwa. Muri icyo gihe, igihugu cyacu gifite uruhererekane rukomeye rw'inganda zikora ibintu byinshi, kandi gifite ubukungu bushya bwa interineti buhagarariwe na Shenzhen. Urwego runini rw'inganda za OEM n'ubusabe bwo gutunganya laser bituma igihugu cyacu kiba isoko rinini ku isi ku isi ku bijyanye no gukoresha laser. Kuri ubu, igipimo cy'ikoreshwa rya laser mu nganda zikora ibintu byinshi, cyane cyane inganda zikora ibikoresho, ni gito, ni 30% gusa. Igipimo cy’ikoreshwa rya laser mu nganda zikora ibikoresho muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubuyapani n’Ubudage byose birenga 40%, muri byo Ubudage bukaba buri hejuru ya 46%, amanota 16 ku ijana aruta Ubushinwa. Bityo, ahantu ho gukoresha laser ni hanini, bizateza imbere iterambere ryihuse rya laser. Kuri ubu, ibikoresho bitunganya laser bigira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda gakondo. Itsinda ry’ibigo bitunganya ibikoresho bitunganya laser byishingikiriza ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gutunganya ibikoresho n’ubwiza bw’ibikoresho kugira ngo bishakirwe amabwiriza ahagije yo gukura vuba ku isoko ry’imbaraga nshya n’iza kera. Byongeye kandi, bimwe mu bigo bitunganya ibikoresho byaryohewe n’uburyohe bwo kuvugurura no guteza imbere, ntibikinyurwa no guhuza imbere mu gihugu, kandi bishakisha cyane uburyo bwo kugura umutungo w’ibigo bitunganya laser byo mu mahanga, kandi biteganya kwinjira mu rwego rwo gutunganya neza. Mu myaka 10 ishize, sitasiyo itunganya laser yabaye antene y’ingenzi ku bigo bitunganya ibikoresho kugira ngo bitange serivisi zagutse. Binyuze mu iterambere rya serivisi zo gushyiramo ibintu, ishobora guhaza ku gihe ibyo ikeneye mu gutunganya no kongera ubukana bw’abakiriya. Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho binini byinshi byakozwe kandi bikoreshwa mu nganda zitwara abantu muri gari ya moshi, mu kirere, mu bwubatsi bw’amato n’izindi nganda. Biteganijwe ko guhera mu 2020, ubwoko bwose bw'ibikoresho byo mu bicu bishingiye kuri interineti y'inganda bizagenda bisohora agaciro kabyo buhoro buhoro, sitasiyo zitunganya laser zizagira uruhare runini mu nkunga y'ibikoresho byo mu bicu, no mu "Belt and Road" mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, muri Amerika y'Epfo n'ahandi. Kuri ubu, isi iri kwinjira buhoro buhoro mu gihe cya 5G. Hamwe no gutangizwa kwa telefoni zigendanwa za 5G n'ibicuruzwa bishya byambarwa neza, amafaranga akoreshwa n'abakiriya mu nganda z'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga yiyongera cyane, kandi iterambere ry'inganda ryihuta cyane. Ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho byo mu bicu bya laser n'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda z'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga rigenda ryiyongera. Inganda za laser zageze ku iterambere ryihuse mu gutunganya ibikoresho byoroshye, gusudira ibikoresho byihariye, gutunganya PCB n'izindi nzego zidasanzwe. Uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha ibikoresho n'ibikoresho byo gutunganya byazanywe n'ikoranabuhanga rya 5G byazanye amahirwe menshi y'ubucuruzi ku batanga ibikoresho bya laser. Mu myaka 20 iri imbere, inganda za laser zizabona iterambere ryihuse kandi zijye ku giciro cya tiriyari imwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-17-2023
