Ngo-1960, isazinzulu saseMelika uTheodore Maiman waphumelela ukuvelisa i-laser yokuqala ehlabathini – i-ruby laser. Ngo-1961, i-laser yokuqala yeruby yaseTshayina yazalwa eChangchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, iChinese Academy of Sciences. Ukususela ngoko, "i-Laser" ikhule yonke indlela yandisa indawo yayo kwicandelo lesicelo kwaye yaba ngamandla abalulekileyo kwicandelo letekhnoloji ephezulu. Imarike ye-laser yelizwe lethu liphela yaqala emva kwexesha kwaye yafumana utshintsho olukhulu ukusuka ekulandeleni ukuya ekusebenzeni nasekufikeleleni kwinqanaba lokuphumelela kwezinye iindawo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko amashishini asekhaya ephula ubuchwepheshe be-laser engundoqo, eqonda ukuveliswa okukhulu kwe-laser kunye nezixhobo ze-optical ezingundoqo, kwaye ekhuthaza ukuncitshiswa kweendleko zezinto eziluhlaza ze-optical, amandla ezixhobo ze-laser zasekhaya abonisa ukukhula okukhulu.
Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, ubungakanani boshishino lwelaser eTshayina bunyuke ngaphezu kwamaxesha ali-10, kwaye imakethi yokusetyenziswa kwelaser yemizi-mveliso nayo inyuke ngaphezu kwamaxesha ali-10. Amandla emveliso kunye nobungakanani boshishino zikwinqanaba lokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngowama-2020, imboni yelaser yaseTshayina yoyisa impembelelo yemfazwe yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nobhubhane we-COVID-19, kwaye yafumana ingeniso eyongeziweyo nangona bekunzima, yaba lelona lizwe linamandla, eliguqukayo nelikhuselekileyo kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngowama-2020, ubungakanani borhwebo lweemveliso zelaser zaseTshayina babuyi-106.5 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, budlula kwiibhiliyoni zeeyuan okokuqala, kunye nokukhula konyaka nonyaka malunga ne-15.4%, kwaye izinga lokukhula lalikhawuleza kunelo lonyaka ophelileyo. Unyaka wama-2020 ube ngunyaka obalulekileyo wokutshintsha kweshishini lelaser laseTshayina, kwaye i-laser yaseTshayina ingena ngokukhawuleza kwixesha lesibini legolide. Kwiminyaka engama-20 ezayo, ngokwenziwa ngcono nokuphuculwa kwemeko-bume yamazwe ngamazwe, ukufika ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokuxhasa yasekhaya, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwamashishini e-laser, ukugubungela ngokubanzi ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-laser, ukuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji eziphambili eziqhelekileyo, kunye nokusekwa kwekhonkco elipheleleyo lemizi-mveliso kunye neqela elipheleleyo lemizi-mveliso, iTshayina kulindeleke ukuba ibe lishishini eliphambili le-laser elikrelekrele lokuvelisa amandla, i-laser kunye ne-photoelectric kwihlabathi ukufikelela kwixabiso lemveliso ye-trillion ayilophupha.
Imeko-bume yamazwe ngamazwe inegalelo kuphuhliso lweTshayina. Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, ngenxa yobhubhane we-COVID-19 kunye nokulungiswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho yangaphandle yamazwe aseNtshona amelwe yi-United States, iziphene zesakhiwo sezinye iintambo zoshishino zasekhaya ezixhomekeke kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo ezingenisiweyo ziye zavezwa kwaye abavelisi abaninzi basekhaya baye bahlangabezana nobunzima, nto leyo eye yazisa ingcinga yengxaki kubavelisi abaninzi basekhaya kwaye yachaphazela kakhulu imeko-bume yezoqoqosho. Nangona kunjalo, iintambo zorhwebo zangaphandle ziye zancipha, amashishini amaninzi ayekile ukuvelisa, kwaye ukunikezelwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwezixhobo zonyango kunye nezinto eziyimfuneko zemihla ngemihla kula mazwe kuxhomekeke kwimida yesakhiwo. Intambo zorhwebo zasekhaya zidlala indima eyahlukileyo ngandlela ithile, nto leyo ezisa ukonyuka okongezelelweyo kushishino lwe-laser, ingakumbi intsimi yokucubungula i-laser.
Lo bhubhane awutshintshanga indlela yophuhliso lweshishini le-laser laseTshayina. Njengeziko lemveliso lehlabathi, iTshayina inesiseko esipheleleyo secandelo lezemizi-mveliso kunye nendawo yemarike ebanzi. "Ukudibanisa izixhobo zokufezekisa izinto ezinkulu" yindlela ebalulekileyo yokubonakalisa iingenelo zenkqubo karhulumente kunye nenkqubo yolawulo. Nangona ilawula ubhubhane ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ngokusebenzayo nangokusebenzayo, iTshayina ilungise ngokukhutheleyo ulwakhiwo, ivuselele imfuno yasekhaya, kwaye iphuhlise uqoqosho ngokuthe chu. Inani elikhulu leemeko ezintsha zokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-laser ziye zavela. Kwelinye icala, ngenxa yokungqubana kwezorhwebo, amanqaku erhafu yokungenisa ayanda, kangangokuba iTshayina kufuneka ikhawulezise ukudluliselwa kwezinto ezibalulekileyo kunye neemveliso eziphambili ezineengozi zomgaqo-nkqubo kwimveliso yasekhaya, nto leyo ekwazisa amathuba amaninzi kwishishini le-laser njengendlela yokuvelisa ephucukileyo. Amashishini amakhulu asekhaya ajike ingqalelo yawo kwimarike yasekhaya, evuselela imfuno yasekhaya, ekhuthaza uphuhliso lwamashishini asekhaya kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ekhawulezisa inkqubo yokutshintshwa kwendawo, kwaye ephucula kakhulu umgangatho wokutshintshwa.
Ukususela oko kwakhutshwa iSishwankathelo seNkqubo yeSizwe yoPhuhliso lweSayensi neTekhnoloji yexesha eliPhakathi nelide (2006-2020) ngo-2006 kwaye iteknoloji yelaser yadweliswa njengeteknoloji engundoqo yophuhliso lophuhliso oluphambili lwelizwe okokuqala, imigaqo-nkqubo exhasa uphuhliso lweshishini lelaser iye yaziswa kancinci kancinci. Umzekelo, amaxwebhu omgaqo-nkqubo abalulekileyo anjenge "Isicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu se-12 soPhuhliso lweeShishini eziPhumayo zeSizwe" ngo-2012, "Isicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu se-13" seSicwangciso esiKhethekileyo seSayensi neTekhnoloji yoBuchule kwiCandelo leTekhnoloji yoMveliso ePhambili ngo-2017, kunye "neSicwangciso sokuSebenza soPhuhliso lweShishini leZinto ze-elektroniki eziSiseko (2021-2023)" ngo-2021 zonke zibonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo kwinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso yeshishini lelaser. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amaphondo kunye nezixeko ezahlukeneyo ziye zasebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwelaser.
Imfuno yemarike ikhokela uphuhliso lweshishini le-laser. Kuluhlu lwangoku lwenkqubo yokulungiswa kwesakhiwo semizi-mveliso kunye nokuguqulwa, ishishini le-laser linamathuba emarike abanzi. I-China lelona lizwe liphela emhlabeni elinazo zonke iindidi zemizi-mveliso ezingama-41, iindidi eziphakathi ezili-191 kunye neendidi ezincinci ezingama-525 zoshishino. Ingavelisa zonke iimveliso zoshishino ukusuka kwiimpahla, izihlangu kunye neekawusi ukuya kwi-aerospace, ukusuka kwizinto eziluhlaza kunye neeminerali ukuya koomatshini bemizi-mveliso. Isiseko sethu semizi-mveliso sinomxokelelwane oqinileyo, wemizi-mveliso ugqityiwe. Ukuveliswa kubangele ngaphezulu kwesithathu se-GDP yase-China ngo-2019. "Ulwakhiwo olubi" lubonelela ngamathuba emarike ophuhliso lweshishini le-laser laseTshayina. Kwangaxeshanye, ilizwe lethu linomxokelelwane oqinileyo wemizi-mveliso, likwanoqoqosho olutsha lwe-Intanethi olumelwe yiShenzhen. Indawo enkulu yemizi-mveliso ye-OEM kunye nemfuno yokucubungula i-laser yenza ilizwe lethu libe yimarike enkulu yesicelo se-laser kwihlabathi. Okwangoku, umlinganiselo wesicelo se-laser kushishino lwemveliso, ingakumbi ishishini lemveliso yezixhobo, uphantsi, yi-30% kuphela. Umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kwelaser kushishino lokuvelisa izixhobo eMelika, eJapan naseJamani udlula i-40%, phakathi kwayo iJamani iphezulu njenge-46%, iipesenti ezili-16 ziphezulu kuneTshayina. Ngoko ke indawo yokusetyenziswa inkulu, iya kukhuthaza uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwelaser. Okwangoku, izixhobo zokucubungula ilaser zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukuphuculwa kwamashishini emveli. Iqela lamashishini ezixhobo zokucubungula ilaser axhomekeke kubuchwepheshe bokucubungula obutsha kunye nomgangatho ogqwesileyo wezixhobo ukuze afumane ii-odolo ezaneleyo zokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwimarike yamandla okuqhuba amatsha namadala. Ukongeza, ezinye iinkampani zokuvelisa ziye zangcamla ubumnandi bokuphucula nophuhliso, azisanelisekanga kukuhlanganiswa okuthe nkqo kwasekhaya, kwaye zihlola ngenkuthalo ukufunyanwa kwezixhobo zamashishini elaser angaphandle akumgangatho ophezulu, kwaye ziceba ukungena kwicandelo lokucubungula ngokuchanekileyo. Kwiminyaka eli-10 edlulileyo, isikhululo sokucubungula ilaser besiyi-antenna ebalulekileyo kumashishini ezixhobo ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezandisiweyo. Ngophuhliso lweenkonzo zesikhundla, sinokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokucubungula ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye siphucule i-viscosity yabathengi. Kule mihla, izixhobo ezinkulu ezininzi ezisebenzayo ziye zaphuhliswa kwaye zasetyenziswa kwiindlela zokuthutha oololiwe, i-aerospace, ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa kunye namanye amashishini. Kulindeleke ukuba ukususela ngo-2020, zonke iintlobo zamaqonga okuvelisa amafu asekelwe kwi-intanethi yemizi-mveliso ziya kukhupha ixabiso lawo kancinci kancinci, izitishi zokucubungula i-laser ziya kudlala indima enkulu phantsi kwenkxaso yamaqonga okuvelisa amafu, nakwi-"Belt and Road" ukuya kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, kuMbindi Mpuma, kuMzantsi Melika nakwezinye iindawo. Okwangoku, ihlabathi lingena kancinci kancinci kwixesha le-5G. Ngokusungulwa okuqhubekayo kweefowuni eziphathwayo ze-5G kunye neemveliso ezintsha ezinxibekayo, inkcitho enkulu yabathengi kushishino lwe-elektroniki yabathengi inyuke kakhulu, kwaye uphuhliso loshishino luye lwanda kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kokucubungula i-laser kunye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo kushishino lwe-elektroniki yabathengi kuye kwanda kakhulu. Ishishini le-laser lifikelele ekukhuleni ngokukhawuleza ekucutshungulweni kwezinto ezibuthathaka, ukuwelda kwezinto ezikhethekileyo, ukucutshungulwa kwe-PCB kunye nezinye iindawo ezikhethekileyo. Iimeko ezintsha zesicelo kunye nesidingo sezixhobo zokucubungula eziziswe bubuchwepheshe be-5G zizise amathuba amakhulu oshishino kubaboneleli bezixhobo ze-laser. Kwiminyaka engama-20 ezayo, ishishini le-laser liya kufumana uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo kwaye liye ngqo kwixabiso lemveliso yetriliyoni enye.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi 17-2023
