Umgaqo woMshini wokusika weLaser-Oxyfuel Hybrid

Ukusika okuhlanganisiweyo kwelaser kudla ngokubhekisa kwi "ukusika ioksijini nge-laser", enye yeenkqubo eziphambili zokusika i-laser (ezinye ezimbini kukusika i-laser melting kunye nokusika i-laser vaporization). Ayithethi "ilangatye eliveliswa yi-laser," kodwa ithetha inkqubo exutyiweyo esebenzisa i-laser njengomthombo wobushushu, eyongezwa yi-oxygen ecocekileyo njengegesi yokuncedisa, ukuqalisa impendulo enamandla yokutsha kwe-oxidation (oko kukuthi, "ilangatye") kwiintsimbi (ikakhulu izinto zentsimbi) ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika. Le nkqubo isebenzisa amandla obushushu avela kwimpendulo yeekhemikhali ukuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kokusika.

Okulandelayo, siza kuchaza umgaqo wayo ngokweenkcukacha kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo:

Umgaqo-siseko: Ukutsha kwesinyithi okuLawulwayo okubangelwa yiLaser

1. Indima yelaser (ukutsha nokugcinwa):

• Umqadi welaser onamandla aphezulu ugxile kumphezulu wezinto zokusebenza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubushushu besinyithi esikhanyisiweyo bunyuke ngokukhawuleza bufikelele kwindawo yaso yokutsha (malunga ne-1350°C yesinyithi).
• Umqadi welaser ubonelela ngomthombo wobushushu oqhubekayo, ochanekileyo, onamandla aphezulu ongavuthisi nje kuphela impendulo, kodwa okubaluleke ngakumbi ukugcina indawo yempendulo kubushushu obuphezulu.

2. Indima yeoksijini (isixhobo sokutsha kunye nesicoci):

• Umjelo omnye weoksijini enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ecocekileyo kakhulu ufakwa nge-coaxial kunye nomqadi welaser kwindawo yesinyithi eshushu yilaser.
• Isinyithi (Fe) esifikelela kwindawo yokutsha kunye neoksijini (O₂) zifumana impendulo enamandla ye-oxidation exothermic (ukutsha):4Fe 3O₂ → 2Fe2O, ubushushu
• Olu hlobo lokusabela lukhupha ubushushu obuninzi (malunga namandla aphindwe kathathu ukuya kahlanu kuneleser ngokwayo!), Le yeyona nto iphambili kumandla "adibeneyo". Olu bushushu bongezelelweyo buphucula kakhulu amandla okunyibilika/ukwenza igesi.

3. Inkqubo yokusebenzisana edibeneyo:

• Ukufudumeza kunye nokutsha: I-laser iqala ngokufudumeza isinyithi sendawo ukuya kwindawo yokutsha.
• Ukutsha kwe-exothermic: ukufakwa kweoksijini, isinyithi sitsha ngamandla, sivelisa ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu kunokuba bunokubonelelwa yi-laser ngokwayo, sinyibilikisa isinyithi ngokukhawuleza okanye sixovule i-oxidation, size senze i-slag (ngokuyintloko i-Feo kunye ne-Fe3o4).
• Ukuvuthela nokwenza: Enye indima ebalulekileyo yokuhamba kwegesi yeoksijini enoxinzelelo oluphezulu kukuvuthela i-oxide yesinyithi enyibilikisiweyo (i-slag) eveliswa yimpendulo evela kumthungo wokusika ngamandla njenge-"imela yomoya" ukwenza umphezulu wokusika ococekileyo nogudileyo.

Iyaqhubeka: Umqadi welaser uhamba phambili, ufudumeza indawo entsha rhoqo, kwaye impendulo yokutsha ilandela ukugxila kwelaser phambili nasezantsi, kwaye ekugqibeleni ingena kwindawo yokusebenza ize yenze ukusika.

Le ndlela "edibeneyo" isebenza njani kakuhle kangaka? (Inzuzo)

1. Amandla okusika iipleyiti ezityebileyo:Kwintsimbi yekhabhoni (njengentsimbi enekhabhoni ephantsi), ukusika ioksijini yelaser yeyona ndlela ingabizi kakhulu kwaye ikhawulezayo yokusika iipleyiti eziphakathi nezityebileyo (ngesiqhelo zingaphezulu kwe-6mm, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30mm okanye nangaphezulu). Ukusika okunyibilikisa ilaser okumsulwa (njengokuba kune-nitrogen) kufuneka kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumandla elaser ukuze kunyibilike isinyithi, ubuso bepleyiti etyebileyo bubonakala bunganele.

2. Isantya sokusika esikhawulezayo:Ngenxa yokongezwa kwamandla eekhemikhali kwimpendulo yokutsha kwesinyithi, igalelo lamandla lilonke liphezulu kakhulu kunelo lamandla e-laser enye, ngoko ke isantya sokusika sikhawuleza kakhulu kunesika sokunyibilika phantsi kwamandla afanayo.

3Iimfuno zamandla ezixhobo ziphantsi kakhulu:ukusika intsimbi yekhabhoni efanayo, amandla elaser afunekayo ekusikeni ioksijini yelaser anokuba phantsi kakhulu kunalawo okusika okunyibilikisa ilaser, okunciphisa iindleko zezixhobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.

4. Umgangatho wokusika olungileyo:Kwiipleyiti ezingqindilili zentsimbi yekhabhoni, umphezulu wokusika othe nkqo kakuhle kunye ne-slag encinci (imeko efanelekileyo) unokufunyanwa.

Iimpawu zenkqubo kunye nemida

1. Ukukhetha izinto:

• Ngokuyintloko kwiimetali ezisabelayo: Eyona nto iqhelekileyo nefanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa yintsimbi yekhabhoni.

• Ayifanelekanga kwintsimbi engatyiwayo, i-aluminium, i-copper, njl.njl.:
• Intsimbi engatyiwayo: i-chromium (Cr) kunye nezinye izinto ziya kwenza ii-oxides eziphezulu zokunyibilika (ezifana ne-Cr2O3), ezithintela ukusabela kwe-oxidation ukuba ingaqhubeki, kwaye i-slag ayilula ukuyikhupha, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umphezulu wokusika ube rhabaxa kwaye i-slag ixhonywe kakhulu.
• I-Aluminiyam kunye nobhedu: indawo yokunyibilika kwee-oxides zayo (Al2O3,CuO) iphezulu kakhulu kuneye-substrate ngokwayo, igubungela umphezulu njengeqokobhe eliqinileyo, ithintela ukusabela ukuba kuqhubeke, kwaye inokukhanya okuphezulu kwi-laser.

2. Iimpawu zomphezulu wokusika:

• Ngenxa yempendulo ye-oxidation, umphezulu wesiqwenga uya kuba nomaleko we-oxide (ofana nonyango lwe-bluing) kwaye unokuba rhabaxa kancinci (xa kuthelekiswa necala elikhanyayo lesiqwenga se-nitrogen).
• Kusenokubakho i-slag encinci exhonywe ezantsi, ekufuneka incitshiswe ngokuphucula iiparameter zenkqubo.

3. Indawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu inkulu:I-reaction ye-oxidation enamandla iya kuvelisa ubushushu obuninzi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba indawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu yesixhobo somsebenzi ibe banzi kuneyo yokunyibilika nokusikwa nge-laser, kwaye ukuguquguquka kobushushu ngokubanzi kwesixhobo somsebenzi kunokuba kukhulu kancinci.

Ukuthelekisa nezinye iinkqubo zokusika

VS. Ukusika i-nitrogen nge-laser ecocekileyo (ukusika okunyibilikisayo):

• Ukusikwa kweNitrogen: nge-laser melting metal, ivuthuza i-melt nge-nitrogen enoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Akukho mpendulo ye-oxidation, icandelo likhanya kwaye alinawo umaleko we-oxide, kodwa isantya sihamba kancinci, ukusetyenziswa kwegesi kukhulu, kwaye ixabiso liphezulu. Ifanelekile kwintsimbi engagqwaliyo, i-aluminium, njl.njl., kwaye ayibizi kakhulu kwintsimbi yekhabhoni etyebileyo.
• Ukusikwa kweoksijini: ukongeza kwempendulo ye-oxidation, isantya esikhawulezayo, ixabiso eliphantsi, elifanelekileyo kwisinyithi sekhabhoni, kodwa eli candelo linomaleko we-oxide.

VS. Ukusika ilangatye lendabuko (ukusika i-oxyacetylene):

• Ilangatye lendabuko: ngokufudumeza ilangatye kwangaphambili, ukusika ioksijini ecocekileyo. Ukufudumeza kancinci, umngxuma obanzi, ukuchaneka okuphantsi kunye nokuguquguquka okukhulu kobushushu.
• Ukusikwa kweoksijini nge-laser: ngokuchaneka kwe-laser enamandla aphezulu, ukufudumeza kwangaphambili ngokukhawuleza, umthungo wokusika umxinwa kakhulu (kunye nobubanzi bendawo ye-laser), ukuchaneka okuphezulu, sma
• Ithambeka eli-ll, elinobushushu obuncinci, yindlela yokuhlaziya ilangatye yendabuko, uhlobo lokuphucula oluchanekileyo.

Isishwankathelo

Umgaqo ophambili womatshini wokusika ilangabi lelaser (i-laser oxygen) kukusebenzisa umqadi welaser onamandla aphezulu ukutshisa ngokuchanekileyo nokugcina ukusabela okunamandla komlilo wesinyithi (isinyithi) kwindawo ecocekileyo yeoksijini, kunye nokudibanisa amandla obushushu elaser kunye namandla ekhemikhali e-oxidation yesinyithi ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo sokusika "1 1>2". Idibanisa ngokugqibeleleyo iingenelo zokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokugxila okuphezulu kwelaser kunye neengenelo zokusebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokutshisa ioksijini, okwenza kube yinkqubo ephambili engenakutshintshwa kwicandelo lokusika iphepha lesinyithi sekhabhoni eliphakathi nelingqindilili.