Ihame ry'imashini ikata ikoresheje laser-oxyfuel hybrid

Gukata urumuri rwa laser bivanze akenshi bivuga "gukata ogisijeni hakoreshejwe laser", ikaba ari imwe mu nzira z'ingenzi zo gukata laser (izindi ebyiri ni ugukata laser ishongesha no gukata laser ishyushye). Ntabwo bivuze "umuriro ukomoka kuri laser," ahubwo ni inzira ivanze ikoresha laser nk'isoko y'ubushyuhe, yiyongereyeho ogisijeni nziza nk'umwuka ufasha, kugira ngo itangire uburyo bukomeye bwo gutwika ogisijeni (ni ukuvuga "umuriro") mu byuma (cyane cyane ibikoresho by'icyuma) mu gihe cyo gukata. Iyi nzira ikoresha ingufu z'ubushyuhe ziva mu buryo bwa shimi kugira ngo yongere cyane imikorere yo gukata.

Hanyuma, tuzasobanura ihame ryayo mu buryo burambuye mu buryo butandukanye:

Ihame ry'ingenzi: Gutwika icyuma gikoreshwa na laser

1. Uruhare rwa laser (gutwika no kubungabunga):

• Umurabyo wa laser ufite ingufu nyinshi ushyirwa ku buso bw'ibikoresho, bigatuma ubushyuhe bw'icyuma cyaranzwe n'imirasire buzamuka vuba kugera aho cyaka (hafi 1350°C ku byuma).
• Umurabyo wa laser utanga isoko y'ubushyuhe ihoraho, ihamye kandi ifite ingufu nyinshi, idatuma habaho gusa ubwiyahuzi, ahubwo ikiruta byose ikomeza kugira agace k'ubwiyahuzi ku bushyuhe bwinshi.

2. Uruhare rwa ogisijeni (ingufu zitwika n'izisesagura):

• Umugezi umwe wa ogisijeni ifite umuvuduko mwinshi kandi isukuye cyane ushyirwamo umuyoboro wa laser ku gice cy'icyuma gishyushye na laser.
• Icyuma (Fe) kigera aho umuriro ushyushye na ogisijeni (O₂) bihura n'ingaruka zikomeye zo gutwika: 4Fe 3O₂ → 2Fe2O, ubushyuhe
• Iyi reaction isohora ubushyuhe bwinshi (inshuro zigera kuri 3-5 z'ingufu za laser ubwayo!), Iyi ni yo pfundo ry'ingufu "zivanze". Ubu bushyuhe bwiyongereyeho bwongera cyane ubushobozi bwo gushonga/guhindura gaze muri rusange.

3. Uburyo bw'ubufatanye buhuriweho:

• Gushyushya no gutwika: Laser ibanza gushyushya icyuma cyo mu gace kugeza aho umuriro ucanira.
• Gutwika exothermike: gutera ogisijeni, icyuma gitwika cyane, bigatanga ubushyuhe bwinshi kurusha uko laser ubwayo ishobora gutanga, bigashonga vuba cyangwa bikanahindura ogisijeni mu cyuma, bigatera slag (cyane cyane Feo na Fe3o4).
• Guhuha no gukora: Urundi ruhare rw'ingenzi rw'umuvuduko mwinshi w'umwuka wa ogisijeni ni uguhuha ogiside y'icyuma ishongeshejwe (slag) iterwa n'ingaruka zituruka ku mugozi wo gukata cyane nk'"icyuma cy'umwuka" kugira ngo habeho ubuso bwo gukata busukuye kandi bworoshye.

Gukomeza: Umurabyo wa laser ugenda imbere, ukomeza gushyushya agace gashya, kandi uburyo bwo gutwika bukurikira aho laser yibanda imbere no hasi, hanyuma bugahita bwinjira mu gikoresho maze bugacamo agace.

Ni gute ubu buryo "buvanze" bugira akamaro? (Ibyiza)

1. Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukata amasahani manini:Ku byuma bya karuboni (nk'icyuma gito cya karuboni), gukata ogisijeni hakoreshejwe laser ni bwo buryo buhendutse kandi bwihuse bwo gukata amasahani ari hagati n'anini (ubusanzwe arenga mm 6, kugeza kuri mm 30 cyangwa ndetse n'anini). Gukata ogisijeni hakoreshejwe laser (nk'iyo ikoze muri azote) bigomba kwishingikiriza gusa ku ngufu za laser kugira ngo bishongeshe icyuma, isura y'isahani nini isa nkaho idahagije.

2. Umuvuduko wo gukata vuba:Kubera kongeramo ingufu za shimi mu buryo bwo gutwika ibyuma, ingufu zose zinjira ni nyinshi cyane kuruta iz’ingufu za laser imwe, bityo umuvuduko wo gukata wihuta cyane kurusha gushonga munsi y’imbaraga zimwe.

3Ingufu z'ibikoresho zikenewe ni nkeya ugereranyije:Kugira ngo hacibwe icyuma kimwe cya karuboni, ingufu za laser zisabwa mu gukata ogisijeni ya laser zishobora kuba nke cyane ugereranyije n’izo gukata ogisijeni ya laser, bikagabanya ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu.

4. Ubwiza bwiza bwo gukata:Ku byuma binini bya karuboni, hashobora kuboneka ubuso bwo gukata bufite uburebure bwiza kandi bufite imiterere mike (imiterere ikwiye).

Ibiranga inzira n'imbogamizi

1. Guhitamo ibikoresho:

• Mbere na mbere ku byuma bihindura imikorere: Igikoresho gikoreshwa cyane kandi cyiza ni icyuma cya karuboni.

• Ntibikwiriye ibyuma bitarangirika, aluminiyumu, umuringa, nibindi:
• Icyuma kidashonga: chromium (Cr) n'ibindi bintu bizarema okiside nyinshi zishongesha (nka Cr2O3), bibuza ogiside gukomeza, kandi iyo slag ntiyoroshye kuyitwara, bigatuma ubuso bucagagurwa nabi kandi slag ikomeye ikamanika.
• Aluminiyumu n'umuringa: aho ogiside zayo zishongesha (Al2O3,CuO) iri hejuru cyane kurusha iyo substrate ubwayo, itwikira ubuso nk'igishishwa gikomeye, ikabuza ko ibyo bikorwa bikomeza, kandi ikagira ubushobozi bwo kugarura urumuri rwinshi kuri laser.

2. Ibiranga ubuso bwo gukata:

• Bitewe n'uburyo bwo gukaraba, ubuso bw'agace kaciwe buzaba bufite urwego rwa oxide (bisa n'uburyo bwo kuvura ubururu) kandi bushobora kuba butoshye gato (ugereranije n'uruhande rwiza rw'agace ka azote kaciwe).
• Hashobora kubaho akantu gato kari kumanika hasi, gakwiye kugabanywa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kunoza ibipimo by'imikorere.

3. Agace kagizweho ingaruka n'ubushyuhe ni kanini:Uburyo bwo gutwika amashanyarazi butera ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma agace k'igikoresho kiba cyarangiritseho ubushyuhe kurusha ako gushonga no gukata hakoreshejwe laser, kandi ubushyuhe rusange bw'igikoresho gishobora kuba kinini gato.

Kugereranya n'izindi nzira zo gukata

VS. Gukata azote hakoreshejwe laser (gukata ishongesha):

• Gukata azote: hakoreshejwe laser ishonga icyuma, igakuraho ishonga ikoresheje azote ifite umuvuduko mwinshi. Nta ogisijeni ikoreshwa, igice kirabagirana kandi nta urwego rwa ogisijeni ikoreshwa, ariko umuvuduko uragenda buhoro, ikoreshwa rya gazi ni rinini, kandi igiciro ni kinini. Ikwiriye ibyuma bitangiza ibyuma, aluminiyumu, nibindi, kandi ntabwo ihendutse ku byuma binini bya karuboni.
• Gukata ogisijeni: kongeramo ogisijeni, umuvuduko wihuse, igiciro gito, bikwiranye n'icyuma cya karuboni, ariko igice gifite urwego rwa ogisijeni.

VS. Gukata umuriro gakondo (gukata oksijetilini):

• Umuriro gakondo: ukoresheje umuriro ushyushya, uca umwuka wa ogisijeni gusa. Ushyushya buhoro buhoro, ucamo ibice binini, ubwiza buke n'ubushyuhe bwinshi.
• Gukata ogisijeni hakoreshejwe laser: hamwe n'ubuziranenge bwa laser bufite ingufu nyinshi, gushyushya vuba, umugozi wo gukata uba muto cyane (n'umurambararo w'aho laser ifata), ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, sma
• Umusozi wa ll, ingaruka nto z'ubushyuhe, ni verisiyo isanzwe yo guca umuriro, ivugururwa neza cyane.

Incamake

Ihame ry'ingenzi ry'imashini ikata umuriro wa laser (ogisijeni ya laser) ni ugukoresha urumuri rwa laser rufite ingufu nyinshi kugira ngo ishyushye neza kandi ikomeze gutwika neza kw'icyuma (icyuma) mu kirere cyuzuye umwuka wa ogisijeni, kandi ihuze ingufu z'ubushyuhe bwa laser n'ingufu za shimi zo gutwika icyuma kugira ngo igere ku "gipimo cya 1 1> 2". Ihuza neza ibyiza byo gukoresha neza cyane no gushyira imbaraga nyinshi kuri laser hamwe n'ibyiza byo gukoresha neza cyane no ku giciro gito cyo gutwika umwuka wa ogisijeni, bigatuma iba inzira idashobora gusimburwa mu rwego rwo gukata icyuma giciriritse n'icy'ubunini bwa karuboni.