He Whakamaumahara Tiaki Taiaho i Pupū ake i ngā Take Kounga Wai Whakamatao

Nō nā tata nei, i puta he hapa turuturu wai i te reiti muka 6,000-wati a te kiritaki, ā, ka mate. Whai muri i te wetewete ohorere a te tīma hangarau, i kitea he nui te unahi mā me te verdigris i roto i te tokotoko muka. Nā tēnei i whakaū kua whakamahia te wai puna noa hei whakamatao—ā, kāore anō kia whakakapia mō te wā roa.

Wāhi aituā

I te wā i wetewetehia ai e te miihini whai muri i te hoko te pane putanga o tēnei muka taiaho 6000W, ka pā mai te haunga kino o te waikura whakarewa ki a ia. Kua puta he unahi ma me ngā tote kohuke parahi ki te pito o te muka tino tika.

Pā atu ki ēnei putunga ki ō ringaringa, he mārō te kakano, ā, kua kitea kētia he rua waikura i ētahi wāhi. Kua tino āraia te awa wai whakamatao, koinei te tino take o te whakatūpato turuturu wai.

Mena kāore e taea te whakatika i te kino, ko te waeine katoa anake ka taea te whakakapi. E mārama ana kua kotahi tau me te hawhe noa iho te whakamahinga o tēnei taputapu, ā, kua "whakakorea" ngā wāhanga matua i mua i te wā nā te raruraru wai whakamatao. Neke atu i te 80000 yuan te utu tiaki, ā, he uaua ake te whakatau tata i te mate whakaputa i puta mai i te wā whakatā.

tātaritanga katoa o te waikura

He aha te take e "waikura" ai te tokotoko muka? Kei muri i tēnei he raupapa o ngā tauhohenga matū me ngā huringa ā-tinana. Ina oma te taiaho, ka taea e te pāmahana o roto te eke ki te neke atu i te 50 ℃, ka whakarato i te "pūtake wera" mō ngā tauhohenga matū maha.

Kei roto i te wai puna noa te konupūmā, ngā iona konupora (ngā wāhanga mārō) me ngā iona kōhaita, te hāora rewa me ētahi atu wāhanga waikura. Ina whakamahanahia tēnei wai i roto i tētahi pūnaha kati, e toru ngā tukanga whakangaromanga matua ka puta:

• Te whakatakotoranga konupūmā kāponāte:Ka tauhohe ngā iona konupūmā me te konupora i roto i te wai ki te hauhā waro kua mimitihia hei whakaputa i te konupūmā kāponāte me te konupūmā kāponāte, koinei te unahi mā e kitea ana e tātou. Ka piri ēnei putunga ki ngā mata pa katoa, ā, ka kohia, ka matotoru haere, ka matotoru haere.
• Te waikura hikohiko:Ko ngā wāhanga whakarewa rerekē (pēnei i te atanga parahi, te totohu wera konumohe) i roto i te wai hei hanga i tētahi pākahiko moroiti, ngā katote pūhaumāota me te hāora rewa hei irahiko, hei whakatere i te waikura o te whakarewa, ka hua ake he parahi matomato (te parahi waro taketake) me ētahi atu hua waikura.
• Te whakatipu i ngā moroiti:I raro i te maha o ngā momo whakaputa uri o ngā moroiti wai i te pāmahana tika, ka tere ake te hanga o te kiriata koiora, ka tere ake te waikura me te aukati o te rohe.
• Ka whakatairangahia e ēnei tukanga tetahi i tetahi, ka hanga he porowhita kino:Ka whakaitihia e te tauine te pai o te tohatoha wera → ka piki te pāmahana → ka tere ake te tauhohenga matū → ka nui ake ngā hua waikura → ka āraia anō te awa wai.

I te mutunga, ka whakangaromia te mata muka tino tika, ka pakaru te hanganga hiri, ā, ko te turuturu o te wai whakamatao ka whakararu tika i ngā wāhanga whatu matua o te taiaho.

Kaupapa whakamatao tika

He aha te wai e tika ana kia whakamahia? Me pēhea te whakataurite?Koinei te kī hei ārai i te waikura. E mārama ana te kī a te kaihanga taiaho he tino rāhuitia te whakamahi i te wai puna, te wai kohuke, te wai parakore rānei hei wai whakamatao. E taunakihia ana te wai purepure a Watsons.

Me rua ngā wāhanga o te wai whakamatao tika:te wai tango-ioniti (te wai whakapūkara rānei) he parakore-teitei me te ārai huka ahumahi motuhake, i konatunatua ki tētahi ōwehenga motuhake.

Ngā whakaritenga mō te wai whakakore iona/wai whakamātao:Me iti iho i te 5 μs/cm (micro siemens/cm) te kawe hiko. Mō te kawe hiko wai māori noa, tata ki te 10 s/cm, me whakapai tonu.

Te ōwehenga whakaranu kua tūtohutia:

• Tāpirihia te wai whakakore iona (he pai mō te taiao pāmahana noa, neke atu i te 0 ℃)
• Wai whakakore iona: tāpiri motuhake = 7:3 (he pai mō te taiao pāmahana iti, ārai huka ki te -15 ℃)
• Wai whakakore iona: tāpiri motuhake = 1:1 (taiao tino makariri, ārai huka ki te -35 ℃)

Ngā taahiraa whirihoranga:

1. Ringihia te wai taketake ki roto i te pūnaha

2. Horoia te pūnaha ki te wai whakakore iona mō te 30 meneti

3. Whakaranua te wai whakakore iona me ngā tāpiringa motuhake kia rite te ōwehenga

4. Werohia te ranunga ki roto i te pūnaha whakamatao ka tangohia te hau

5. Whakahaerehia te pūnaha hei tirotiro mō ngā turuturu

Ripanga Āhuatanga Tiaki

Ehara te whakamatao i te otinga "kotahi noa iho", he roa ake tōna wā mahi. Koinei te ripanga tohutoro o ngā wā tiaki e hangai ana ki ngā paerewa ahumahi:

• Te tirotiro i ia rā:tirohia mēnā he mārama te tae o te wai whakamatao (ki te pōuri, tirohia tonutia); tirohia mēnā he noa te taumata o te wai; tirohia mēnā he tohu turuturu.
• Whakamātautau ā-wiki:Whakamahia he pene kawe hiko hei ine i te kawe hiko o te wai whakamatao, ki te neke atu i te 20 μs/cm, he tohu tēnei kua tīmata te heke o te kounga o te wai.
• Te tiaki ā-marama:Horoia te mata tātari o te tāke wai; tirohia mēnā he piri te hononga paipa; tuhia te pihi pāmahana whakahaere o te taputapu.

Whakamātautau ngaio ia hauwhā:Tukuna he tauira hei kimi i te ihirangi moroiti; kimihia ngā huringa o te uara PH; tirohia te kukū o te aukati waikura.

Huringa whakakapinga:

• Ngā tāpiri wai whakakore iona noa:Me whakakapi ngā marama 6-8
• He wai whakamatao kounga teitei e roa ana te ora:tae atu ki te 24 marama
• Te mahi tonu me te kawenga teitei:kua whakapotoa te huringa whakakapinga mā te 30%
• Te pāmahana teitei me te haumākū tiketike o te taiao:50% te poto ake o te huringa whakakapinga

E whakaatu ana ngā tuhinga hangarau a tētahi kaihanga laser rongonui i tērāneke atu i te 92% o ngā rahunga o te taiaho e pā ana ki ngā pūnaha whakamatao wai, ā, tata ki te 80% o ēnā ka taea te karo mā te whakahaere tika i te wai whakamatao me te whakakapinga i ia wā.

tātaritanga whakatairite utu

He tokomaha ngā kaiwhakamahi e whakaaro ana he "tino utu nui" te whakamatao motuhake, me whakarite tātou i tētahi tātaritanga utu tūturu:

Horopaki A: Te whakamahinga o te wai puna (horopaki hapa)

Pire wai: tata kore

Te utu tiaki: Whakakapinga mō te waeine muka whatu $11,200 + te ngaronga o te wā kore mahi $7,000 = $18,200

Te roa o te ora o ngā taputapu: ngā wāhanga matua 1.5 tau o te pakaru

Kōwhiringa B: Te whakamahi i te wai whakamatao whai mana (kōwhiringa paerewa)

Te utu ā-tau mō te wai whakamatao: $280 (ka whakakapia kia 4 ngā wā i te tau, $70 ia wā)

Te utu tiaki: tiaki noa, kāore he hapa tāpiri

Te roa o te ora o ngā taputapu: ko ngā wāhanga matua he 6-8 tau te roa o te whakamahinga noa

Te whakataurite i te tapeke o ngā utu i roto i ngā tau e 3:

Kaupapa A:$54,600 (e toru ngā whakahoutanga nui)

Kaupapa B:$840 (te utu mō te whakamatao) + te tiaki noa

E 65 ngā wā te rerekētanga! Kāore i roto i tēnei ngā utu huna o te pikinga o ngā tere para me te pikinga o te whakapaunga pūngao nā te iti o te kounga tukatuka i roto i te Horopaki A.

"Penapenahia he moni iti, whakapaua he moni nui" e whakaata mārama ana i roto i ēnei kaupapa 1. He iti iho i te 1% o te utu taputapu katoa te utu mō tētahi kaupapa tiaki pūnaha whakamatao katoa, engari ka taea te tiaki i te 99% o te uara taputapu.

Tō reera, inumia te "wai" tika

I hoki anō te rēseri waikura ki te mahi i muri i te horoinga me te whakatikatika i ngā ara wai, hei whakakapi i te whakamatao paerewa. I runga i te mata aroturuki, he pumau te mana whakaputa rēseri i te 5990W, ā, kāore te awhe piki me te heke e neke ake i te 0.5%.

Ko ia mahi paerewa he "manawanui" mō te roanga o te oranga o te taputapu; ko ia haumitanga whaitake he "inihua" mō te whakaputanga pumau.

I roto i te ao hanga tino tika, ko te mea tino utu nui ehara i te taputapu tonu, engari ko te wā kore mahi ohorere me ngā piki me ngā heke o te kounga i puta mai i te tiaki hē. I inumia e koe te "wai" o te taiaho i roto i tō awheawhe?